A Dolls House Study Guide Essay Example

A Dolls House Study Guide Paper The fact that Nora pays the porter twice shows Norms wasteful habit, foresee downing that this might lead to problems in the future. 2. It also shows that Nora is obedient to Heeler in front of him,but it also show s another side Norms character as she continues to get what she wants behind his back. 3. Helmets pet names for Nora were: little lark, little squirrel, little spends whirr, and little feathered. These names show Nora as little in the eyes of Heeler giving her quality sees of animal. 4. Heeler shows to be a person who prefers to save money and avoid fro spending his money recklessly, He also believes in a life of no debt and no borrowing. Nora believe sees that money is for spending. Such a nature that she has inherited from her father. She also think S that she is allowed to spend more money now that Heeler is getting a job promotion, and getting g a bigger salary sum. 5. How does this set up a framework for future action? This starts to make this the plot. We already know that Nora likes to spend m none too much, and cant save anything. We will write a custom essay sample on A Dolls House Study Guide specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on A Dolls House Study Guide specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on A Dolls House Study Guide specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Hemmer is a man that doesnt like to borrow MO nee, This is what think is going to be the problem and whats going to be the problem in t e play. 6. What does Norms flirtatious behavior suggest about her relationship with Hell Nora and Heeler have a stable relationship, and they also sometimes have a serious and true relationship. Heeler also cares and criticizes her habit of spending none y too much. 7. What literary element is used when Heeler refers to Norms father, and what does Heeler say about the father? Heeler uses a simile to compare Norms money spending problem habits to h re dad. He consider Nora to be an odd little soul who always finds some new way of get ting money out of him. Heeler also says that once she has money it seems to melt in her hands similar to her father. 8. What does the reader learn when Heeler raises the subject of sweets, saying Hasnt Miss Sweetshop been breaking rules in town today? Heeler has actually prohibited Nora from eating sweetmeats, as he believes t hat it will ruin her teeth. Furthermore, she lies to him as she denies having to have taken a b tie or two on a macaroon. 9. When the family was short Of money, what did Nora do so they could all Caleb rate Christmas? What does this symbolize, and what does it suggest about her chaw acted? Nora sat in a room for a full three weeks beforehand, evening until long after midnight so that she could make ornaments for their Christmas tree. Norms doesnt want the family to lose out on anything due to money problems, and will do anything to everyone e can have a good time. 10. What does the reader infer about the Heeler family choice to have servants even when they are in tight economic circumstances? Given their circumstances, the fact that the Heeler family still chooses to have e servants can mean wealth, class and luxury, and could also say the heeler family likes to live a comfortable life. 11. When the doorbell rings, why does Heeler say, If it is a caller, remember that I am not at home? He believes most of his visitors arrive for requests about their financial dispose Zion and especially since he has recently been appointed at a high post in the bank, 12. How is Norms clandestineness illustrated in her initial conversation with Mrs.. Lined? He shares the perfect stories in order to maintain reputation and class in socio TTY. 13. More exposition occurs when Nora discusses Helmets early career with Mrs.. Lined. What does the reader learn about Helmets career? He used to be a barrister but will start to work at a bank in the New Year. Did not get much work as uncertain thing but he will start to receive more money as he assume s the job at the bank 14. What behavioral problem does Mrs.. Lined chide Nora about? Mrs.. Lined chides Nora for her money spending problems. 15. What does Nora reveal about how she and Heeler have managed financially? How did they raise the money needed to go to Italy for his health? What is significant about her comments? Nora says that both of them worked. Heeler was a lawyer, however since he didnt earn enough money at his office, so he chose to leave, when Nora and he got Mari De. Heeler overworked himself in order to provide for the family and fell critically ill. Nor a says she got money from her dad before he died to travel to Italy. 16. What does Mrs.. Lined admit about her marriage? She admits that she married her suburban for the money and there was no I eve in their relationship. 7. Why has Mrs.. Lined come to Norms house? Mrs.. Lined went to Norms house in search of help from her husband in either finding a job. 18. Mrs.. Lined says to Nora, . You know so little of the burdens and troubles of life. What literary devices are used here? Mrs.. Lined uses exaggeration to make her point about Norms experience of the e true world and reality. 19. What is Mrs.. Lindens initial reaction as Nor a begins to reveal the source of the 250 pounds? What does this conversation reveal about the status of women? Mrs.. Lined is baffled when Nora starts to reveal the source of the 250 pounds and begins to wonder where she got it from if it wasnt from her father. Mrs.. Lined states that t a wife cannot borrow without her husbands consent, which says that women hold a lower status in society than their husband or any man 20. Nora gives Mrs.. Lined a summary of the source of the funds. In terms of the wellhead play, why is this important? This is relative as a Wellhead play/ usually contains a strong and climatic bull UDP based on the suspense between characters through secrets and misunderstanding. Hen Nora reveals the truth of the money to Mrs.. Lined. It triggers the climatic and turning g point events. 21. How has Nora managed her own finances to address her debts? Nora has saved a bit up, she has also saved up by buying the simplest and chi pests stuff and saving the rest to pay her interests and installment payment. 22. Why has Norms work copying documents been so important? Copying documents ha s been very important for Nora, as she follows this job as her way for income and money last Christmas in order to pay off debts, 23. What dangers exist in Norms employment? Here are several tasks to perform in her employment so she loses track of the e money she has paid back,the remainder she owes continues to increase due to quarterly interests. 24. At this point in the play, where is the power allocated among Heeler, Nora, a ND Mrs.. Lined? At this moment in time, most of the power is allocated between Heeler and Mrs.. Lined in imprison to Nora. Heeler, because he is unaware of a Norms secret, which could destroy their family simply because of Helmets high moral values, hence why Nora has kept the borrowing of the money a secret in fear of the consequences. Mrs.. Lie need also has a fair share of power as she is let in on Norms secret and can use this to harm the Heeler family or blackmail Nora into getting her a job at Tortillas bank. After borrow Eng without her husbands consent, lying to her husband and getting a job to pay off the prove us debts, Nora seems to be quite powerless and subdued by the fear of Heeler and his reaction to re past actions which she is afraid might have dire consequences. 25. Who is Sarasota? Sarasota is a lawyer who suffers from great disrepute due to his past. He is CLC closely related to the Heeler family as Nora had previously borrowed money from him in or deer to pay for her husbands treatments and the family trip to the south. He is currently w irking at a very low post at the bank, which Dorval is due to join and feels threatened due to the arrival of Mrs.. Lined. He blackmails about revealing her secrets if she refuses to help hi m retain his position at the bank. For a first interaction with the audience, Sarasota pea s to be off very menacing and sinister character, which could possibly be a threat to the Heeler family. 6. What else could Sarasota possibly come to the Heeler home to discuss? Sarasota keeping in mind that he is aware of Norms dark secret, could have c mom to the Heeler home to discuss a raise or a promotion at the bank, which if he doses t attain with Tortillas help, he will force Nora to manipulate her husband. He says he has come to discuss bank business but he could use Dorval to help gain back his reputed ion in society. 27. What does the reader learn when Nora and Mrs.. Lined discuss Sarasota? The reader learns that Sarasota was once a solicitors clerk in Mrs.. Lindens to win, through which she has heard of him. We also learn that Sarasota had a very unhappy marriage and is now a widower and single parent. A sense of vagueness is noted when Mrs.. Lined say he carries on various kinds of business, but doesnt give detail about this. The is implies that he leads a private and a possibly immoral life and indulges in fraudulent buss news. 28. What is revealed in the conversation between Dry. Rank and Mrs.. Lined? It is revealed that in society in the earlier days, women were expected to be y nouns and vilely and not work. Dry. Rank taunts Mrs.. Lined of having some slight internal weakness when she states she cant manage stairs well. Furthermore he shows disbelief fee when she explains she hasnt come to town to amuse herself with entertainments, b UT in fact to kick for work. 29. What can the reader infer from Norms question as to whether all the people who are employed in the Bank are now dependent on Dorval? The nature of Norms question shows that she likes when Dorval has power a ND has people depend on him. Her overjoyed reaction to the Doctors answer shows that SSH e wants this to e the case as Ton,lad had previously said that living with debt means you are dependent on someone and your life is not your own, and with having people dependent on Dorval, it shows that he IS in power. This could also introduce her situation with the per son she previously borrowed money from to take the trip to the south. This also intro educes the theme of power as it is constantly iterated that power is greatly appreciated I n their society, and Nora believes that this could be a good thing for her family after their tribe ululations. 30. What is important about Norms offer of macaroons to Dry. Rank? Norms offer of macaroons to Dry. Rank show that she either shares a good real actions IP with him that she is allowing her secret of purchasing macaroons to be revealed. O r secondly, she is in a mood to celebrate news and hence does so. She provides Dry. Rank with something sweet to distract him, even though she knows that she is behaving irresponsibly and sharing forbidden sweetmeats with Dry. Rank. 31. How does Nora manage the conversation when she asks her husband to give Mrs.. Linden job? Nora approaches the subject very carefully and emphasizes the fact that Mrs.. Lined has taken a long journey in order to see Dorval. After this she uses persuasive la engage and praises Heeler in order manipulate and convince him into giving Mrs.. Lined a job. She praises both of them by saying, Christine is tremendously clever at bookkeeper inning as well emphasizing the fact that she is anxious to work under some clever man. The techniques helped to convince Dorval into considering helping Mrs.. Lined. 32. Why is Norms management of the conversation significant? Norms management of this conversation was significant as it depicts her pop re and influence over Dorval. Through this, the audience sees her ability to manipulate ate Dorval: his could also be a foreshadowing of another incident where she may be for cede to manipulate Dorval in order to keep her family in accord. This also shows that Dorval loves Nora a lot, as he allows her to direct his decisions in a society where women a re generally considered inferior and disallowed from making decisions or conducting the m generally. This also shows that Nora has been able to maintain Tortillas trust and Balkan CE a healthy relationship. 33. Why does Ibsen insert a scene of Nora romping with her children? The insertion of the scene of Nora romping with her children depicts Nora as young and lawful character who cares about her children very much. Her children adore her and this portrays her as a motherly figure that is dollied by her children. This support s the fact that she cares about her family as she has kept the debts a secret and is paying the me off individually in order to avoid any further strain to her husband. The placemen t of this scene also helps to lighten the mood of the play and comes across as a calm before the storm, as after this it is revealed to us that Nora is indebted to Sarasota. 4. What is Crossroads relationship with Nora? Sarasota is Norms moneylender and provides her money for the family to tar el to Italy in order to provide Dorval with the required treatment to save his life. Nora lied to Sarasota and forged her fathers signature on the official documents, which is later disc overfed by Dorval, who uses this secret to better his position at the bank wit h Norms hell p. He uses this crime to blackmail her into convincing Dorval to help him gain his repute Zion in society. 35. What is ironic about the following conversation? Nora : When anyone is in a subordinate position, Mr.. Sarasota, they should really b e careful to avoid offending anyone who-?who-? Sarasota : Who has influence? This conversation appears to be very ironic as Nora implies that Sarasota is in the subordinate position when dealing with bank matters with Dorval, hence she demands respect and warns him to be careful not to offend anyone, in this case herself, if he is expecting any changes with his situation at the bank and hoping to receive he Ip from Dorval. This is contradictory, as it has just been revealed that Sarasota know s that Nora forged her fathers signature on the loan documents, which gives Sarasota the e apprehend and the position to blackmail Nora who is seen as the subordinate in that mat term. Sarasota can use this to get Nora in trouble and hence, Nora should be really careful n tot to offend Sarasota since he has the evidence and influence to destroy her life. 36. What is discordant about Crossroads request that Nora influence Heeler in the e matter of Crossroads job? 37. Why does Sarasota think he is being fired? Sarasota believes that he will be fired as he saw Mrs.. Lined walk with Dorval and thinks that he is going to get her a job at the bank in order to replace Sarasota. Grog stand has a mindset that Dorval has the ability to influence decisions at the bank, cousin erring he will be asking up the post of the bank manager. Furthermore, this fear arises from the e thought that Dorval and him do not share the best working relations; hence his job at the bank is at risk. 38. In another example of exposition, what does Sarasota reveal about himself? Sarasota reveals to Mrs.. Heeler that he too on one incident, had committed a fraudulent act which was nothing more or nothing worse than what she had done. He also reveals that this indiscretion, what he considers himself guilty of was one false step, which h lost him all his reputation. Hence, in order to gain back his reputation, he is willing to go extents in order to secure his position at the bank and regain his reputation in society. 39. What does Sarasota mean when he says, l have the means to compel you? Sarasota tries to insinuate that due to Norms forgery of the signature and the fraud, which she committed when attempting to borrow the money, he has the power to manipulate her and force her to do things that she may disagree to. Furthermore, since Torts Id doesnt know that Nora approached Sarasota to borrow money for their trip, he cool d tell him causing disrepute to Nora. This example is seen when he tries to get Nora to c involve Dorval to secure his position at the bank, otherwise he threatens to reveal he r wallet secret. Through these means, Sarasota is going to compel Nora into doing HTH nags for his benefit, even if she disagrees to, as he currently has vital information that has the power to destroy her family and ruin her life and reputation in the society. 40. What is Norms reaction? Nora begins to panic and is afraid that if she doesnt comply with Crossroads w ashes, he will reveal her secret to Dorval.

Effects of Wolf Predation

Effects of Wolf Predation Effects of Wolf PredationAbstract: This paper discusses four hypotheses to explain the effectsof wolf predation on prey populations of large ungulates. The fourproposed hypotheses examined are the predation limiting hypothesis,the predation regulating hypothesis, the predator pit hypothesis, andthe stable limit cycle hypothesis. There is much research literaturethat discusses how these hypotheses can be used to interpret variousdata sets obtained from field studies. It was concluded that thepredation limiting hypothesis fit most study cases, but that moreresearch is necessary to account for multiple predator - multiple preyrelationships.The effects of predation can have an enormous impact on theecological organization and structure of communities. The processes ofpredation affect virtually every species to some degree or another.Predation can be defined as when members of one species eat (and/orkill) those of another species. The specific type of predation betweenwolves and large ung ulates involves carnivores preying on herbivores.English: A camouflaged Menemerus sp Jumping spider...Predation can have many possible effects on the interrelations ofpopulations. To draw any correlations between the effects of thesepredator-prey interactions requires studies of a long duration, andstatistical analysis of large data sets representative of thepopulations as a whole. Predation could limit the prey distributionand decrease abundance. Such limitation may be desirable in the caseof pest species, or undesirable to some individuals as with gameanimals or endangered species. Predation may also act as a majorselective force. The effects of predator prey coevolution can explainmany evolutionary adaptations in both predator and prey species.The effects of wolf predation on species of large ungulates haveproven to be controversial and elusive. There have been many differentmodels proposed to describe the processes operating on populationsinfluenced by wolf predation. Some of th e proposed mechanisms includethe predation limiting hypothesis, the predation regulatinghypothesis, the predator pit hypothesis, and the stable limit cyclehypothesis (Boutin 1992). The purpose of this paper is to assess theempirical data on population dynamics and attempt to determine if oneof the four hypotheses is a better model of the effects of wolfpredation on ungulate population densities.The predation limiting hypothesis proposes that predation is theprimary factor that limits prey density. In this non- equilibriummodel recurrent fluctuations occur in the prey population. Thisimplies that the prey population does not return to some particularequilibrium after deviation. The predation limiting hypothesisinvolves a density independent mechanism. The mechanism might apply toone prey - one predator systems (Boutin 1992). This hypothesispredicts that losses of prey due to predation will be large enough tohalt prey population increase.Many studies support the hypothesis that predat ion limits preydensity. Bergerud et al. (1983) concluded from their study of theinterrelations of wolves and moose in the Pukaskwa National Park thatwolf predation limited, and may have caused a decline in, the moosepopulation, and that if wolves were eliminated, the moose populationwould increase until limited by some other regulatory factor, such asfood availability. However, they go on to point out that this upperlimit will not be sustainable, but will eventually lead to resourcedepletion and population decline. Seip (1992) found that high wolfpredation on caribou in the Quesnel Lake area resulted in a decline inthe population, while low wolf predation in the Wells Gray ProvincialPark resulted in a slowly increasing population. Wolf predation at theQuesnel Lake area remained high despite a fifty percent decline in thecaribou population, indicating that mortality due to predation was notdensity-dependent within this range of population densities. Dale etal. (1994), in their study of wolves and caribou in Gates NationalPark and Preserve, showed that wolf predation can be an importantlimiting factor at low caribou population densities, and may have ananti-regulatory effect. They also state that wolf predation may affectthe distribution and abundance of caribou populations. Bergerud andBallard (1988), in their interpretation of the Nelchina caribou herdcase history, said that during and immediately following a reductionin the wolf population, calf recruitment increased, which shouldresult in a future caribou population increase. Gasaway et al. (1983)also indicated that wolf predation can sufficiently increase the rateof mortality in a prey population to prevent the population'sincrease. Even though there has been much support of this hypothesis,Boutin (1992) suggests that "there is little doubt that predation is alimiting factor, but in cases where its magnitude has been measured,it is no greater than other factors such as hunting."A second hypothesis about the effects of wolf predation is thepredation regulating hypothesis, which proposes that predationregulates prey densities around a low-density equilibrium. Thishypothesis fits an equilibrium model, and assumes that followingdeviation, prey populations return to their pre-existing equilibriumlevels. This predator regulating hypothesis proposes that predation isa density-dependent mechanism affecting low to intermediate preydensities, and a density-independent mechanism at high prey densities.Some research supports predation as a regulating mechanism.Messier (1985), in a study of moose near Quebec, Canada, draws theconclusion that wolf-ungulate systems, if regulated naturally,stabilize at low prey and low predator population densities. InMessier's (1994) later analysis, based on twenty-seven studies wheremoose were the dominant prey species of wolves, he determined thatwolf predation can be density-dependent at the lower range of moosedensities. This result demonstrates that predation i s capable ofregulating ungulate populations. Even so, according to Boutin (1992)more studies are necessary, particularly at high moose densities, todetermine if predation is regulatory.A third proposal to model the effects of wolf predation on preypopulations is the predator pit hypothesis. This hypothesis is amultiple equilibria model. It proposes that predation regulates preydensities around a low-density equilibrium. The prey population canthen escape this regulation once prey densities pass a certainthreshold. Once this takes place, the population reaches an upperequilibrium. At this upper equilibrium, the prey population densitiesare regulated by competition for (and or availability of) food. Thispredator pit hypothesis assumes that predator losses aredensity-dependent at low prey densities, but inverselydensity-dependent at high prey densities. Van Ballenberghe (1985)states that wolf population regulation is needed when a caribou herdpopulation declines and becomes trapped in a predator pit, whereinpredators are able to prevent caribou populations from increasing.The final model that attempts to describe the effects ofpredation on prey populations is the stable limit cycle hypothesis.This hypothesis proposes that vulnerability of prey to predationdepends on past environmental conditions. According to this theory,individuals of a prey population born under unfavorable conditions aremore vulnerable to predation throughout their adult lives than thoseborn under favorable conditions. This model would produce time lagsbetween the proliferation of the predator and the prey populations, ineffect generating recurring cycles. Boutin (1992) states that if thishypothesis is correct, the effects of food availability (or the lackof) should be more subtle than outright starvation. Relatively severewinters could have long- term effects by altering growth, production,and vulnerability. Thompson and Peterson (1988) reported that thereare no documented cases of wolf preda tion imposing a long-term limiton ungulate populations independent of environmental influences. Theyalso point out that summer moose calf mortality was high whetherpredators were present or not, and that snow conditions during thewinter affected the vulnerability of calves to predation. Messier(1994) asserts that snow accumulation during consecutive winters doesnot create a cumulative impact on the nutritional status of deer andmoose.All of the four proposed theories mentioned above could describethe interrelationships between the predation of wolves and their usualnorth american prey of large ungulate species. There has been ampleevidence presented in the primary research literature to support anyone of the four potential models. The predation limiting hypothesisseems to enjoy wide popular support, and seems to most accuratelydescribe most of the trends observed in predator-prey populations.Most researchers seem to think that more specific studies need to beconducted to find an ide al model of the effects of predation. Bergerudand Ballard (1988) stated "A simple numbers argument regardingprey:predator ratios overlooks the complexities in multi-predator-preysystems that can involve surplus killing, additive predation betweenpredators, enhancement and interference between predator species,switch over between prey species, and a three-fold variation in foodconsumption rates by wolves." Dale et al. (1994) stated that furtherknowledge of the factors affecting prey switching, such asdensity-dependent changes in vulnerability within and between preyspecies, and further knowledge of wolf population response is neededto draw any firm conclusions. Boutin (1992) also proposed that thefull impact of predation has seldom been measured because researchershave concentrated on measuring losses of prey to wolves only.Recently, bear predation on moose calves has been found to besubstantial, but there are few studies which examine this phenomenon(Boutin 1992). Messier (1994) als o pointed out that grizzly and blackbears may be important predators of moose calves during the summer.Seip (1992), too, states that bear predation was a significant causeof adult caribou mortality. These points emphasize thatmultiple-predator and multiple-prey systems are probably at work inthe natural environment, and we must not over generalize a onepredator - one prey hypothesis in the attempt to interpret the overalltrends of the effects of predation of wolves on large ungulatepopulations.Literature CitedBergerud, A. T., W. Wyett, and B. Snider. 1983. The role of wolfpredation in limiting a moose population. Journal ofWildlife Management. 47(4): 977-988.Bergerud, A. T., and W. B. Ballard. 1988. Wolf predation on caribou:the Nelchina herd case history, a different interpretation. Journal ofWildlife Management. 52(2): 344- 357.Boutin, S.. 1992. Predation and moose population dynamics: a critique.Journal of Wildlife Management. 56(1): 116-127.Dale, B. W., L. G. Adams, and R. T. Bo wyer. 1994. Functional responseof wolves preying on barren-ground caribou in a multiple preyecosystem. Journal of Animal Ecology. 63: 644- 652.Gasaway, W. C., R. O. Stephenson, J. L. Davis, P. E. K. Shepherd, andO. E. Burris. 1983. Interrelationships of wolves, prey, and man ininterior Alaska. Wildlife Monographs. 84: 1- 50.Messier, F.. 1985. Social organization, spatial distribution, andpopulation density of wolves in relation to moose density. CanadianJournal of Zoology. 63: 1068-1077.Messier, F.. 1994. Ungulate population models with predation: a casestudy with the North American moose. Ecology. 75(2): 478-488.Seip, D.. 1992. Factors limiting woodland caribou populations and irinterrelationships with wolves and moose in southeastern BritishColombia. Canadian Journal of Zoology. 70: 1494-1503.Thompson, I. D., and R. O. Peterson. 1988. Does wolf predation alonelimit the moose population in Pukaskwa Park?: a comment. Journal ofWildlife Management. 52(3): 556-559.Van Ballenberghe, V. . 1985. Wolf predation on caribou: the Nelchinaherd case history. Journal of Wildlife Management. 49(3): 711-720.

How can a BMW franchise create Customer Engagement through Social Research Paper

How can a BMW franchise create Customer Engagement through Social Media - Research Paper Example According to the research findings the reasons behind the utilisation of the social media sites depend upon multifarious factors. Its utilisation may depend upon components such as company profile, products and customers that the company is serving. Social media websites can be considered as a good way through which the dependability as well as the goodwill of a company can be enhanced. People make use of social media sites for certain reasons such as for the purpose of interacting, collaborating, looking for counsel from the experts, disseminating of the multimedia, looking for opinions, contributing reviews as well as entertainment. Most of the people argue the fact that social media tends to bring a new sense of community by permitting them to connect with those who are similar to themselves i.e. like-minded people and people with similar tastes and preferences. A number of people are making use of the social media while initiating purchase decisions. The figure below demonstrates the use of social media by BMW and others and the benefits obtained by it in order to gain higher return on investment. The figure makes it apparent that BMW scores high in terms of revenues earned by making use of the social media. It is a well known fact that the new media environment is featured by interactivity and multi-dimensional communication flows. With the pace of time, the marketing functions have also started incorporating social media in its campaigns. (Yamamichi, 2011). The increased utilisation of social networking sites such as Facebook as well as Twitter in order to market the products as well as the services is gaining huge attention in the recent times. The companies make use of the social media sites as one of the significant communication channels so that they can gain feedback of the consumers. It has been recognised that on-line communities are considered as a vital component of social media since they offer the companies with cross-selling opportunities to v arious user groups sharing the similar platform (Donath, 2004). Social media can offer BMW with immediate feedbacks and present the company with quick indications regarding what is required in order to resolve pertinent issues. In the present times, the companies make use of the social media so that they can improve their marketing schemes. The purpose of social media must be to improve branding of the business of BMW and to increase the popularity of the product. It can be mentioned that the social media must also be utilised for the purpose of tracking the presence of the business online in order to ensure that the clients are not deteriorating the value of the brand (Zwart, Lindsay, Henderson, & Phillips, 2011). Certain authors have stated the fact that one of the main benefits of social media is to identify precisely regarding what the customers are thinking. Businesses also make use of the social media sites in order to increase the sales of the products and the services and in turn to increase the market share (Ali, 2011). Social media makes it easier for the companies to create relationships, position the brand properly and share exciting experiences and information with their customers (National Association of Insurance Commissioners, 2011). Web Users Frequency It has been found that the rate of internet penetration in Europe in the year 2011 had been 61.3% while the world average was 32.7%. Internet penetration in rest of the world has been 28.9%. The figure presented below helps

Benjamin Franklin Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Benjamin Franklin - Research Paper Example Life in Philadelphia was focused mainly on applying his expertise as a printer. It is here where he married Deborah Read in 1730 at the age of 24. The entrepreneurial skills of the spouses were enhanced through diverse businesses ranging from retail selling, bookstore, printing and contributing literary works in the Pennsylvania Gazette (US History, par. 14). One of the most famous works he published as Richard Saunders is the â€Å"Poor Richard’s Almanac† where â€Å"years later the most striking of these sayings were collected and published in a book† (Bellis, 3). In 1749, Benjamin’s scientific pursuits were highlighted as he invented diverse gadgets, to wit: the Franklin stove, â€Å"swim fins, the glass harmonica (a musical instrument) and bifocals† (US History, par. 21). He was more famously known for having conducted various experiments leading to the discovery of electricity (Bellis, 2011). In another field of endeavor, Benjamin ventured into the political arena in the 1750s. He had vast accomplishments in Philadelphia, of which the following are noteworthy: â€Å"first circulating library in Philadelphia, an academy which grew into the University of Pennsylvania., the foundation of a hospital† among others (Bellis, 5). He was likewise civic minded and envisioned to provide a more beneficial society through â€Å"the paving and cleaning of the streets, better street lighting, the organization of a police force and of a fire company† (Bellis, 5). The Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) revealed that more than being a man of diverse interests, Benjamin Franklin was considered a citizen of the world for having â€Å"negotiated treaties with Great Britain, France, Germany, Sweden, and Spain and helped secure Americas place in the world. As a respected scientist and scholar, he was granted honorary degrees in England, Scotland, and America. And as an Enlightenment thinker, he exchanged letters

The Hypocrisy Of The Civilized Society English Literature Essay

The Hypocrisy Of The Civilized Society English Literature Essay In the relatively short time of the existence of the United States, society has allowed the written word to seep into our everyday existence. What has been written forms our everyday lives; our country, democracy, freedom, laws, religions, news, stories, and our history that is passed on through generations. Much of the written word has found its way to be presented in rather elegant form, but not always so in subject matter. Throughout the history of America, the views of civility and civilized society have changed through times of progress, conflict and peace. Perception of ideals has shifted, political correctness has emerged, and cultural rules have changed. The literature of America reflects the hypocrisy of civilized society and uncovers truths that need to be told and that want to be heard. Annotated Bibliography of The Selling of Joseph, by Samuel Sewall Amacher, Richard E. Samuel Sewall. American Colonial Writers, 1606-1734. Ed. Emory Elliott. Detroit: Gale Research, 1984. Dictionary of Literary Biography Vol. 24. Literature Resource Center. Web. 6 Mar. 2011. When delving into the some of the early American Literature, one does not expect to find much available in defense of the African American race, and the common mistreatment endured by the people of a certain birthright or skin color. The Selling of Joseph, written in 1700, by Samuel Sewell, is one such surprising piece. Richard E. Amacher, in his Biographical Essay on Samuel Sewall, contrasts The Selling of Joseph, with work that focused on taming African Americans and rationalized their slavery, sale and mistreatment. In as much as the Puritans used the bible and the Word of their God to rationalize societys treatment of African Americans as slaves, Sewall uses the bible and quotes it directly to show that their God certainly does not agree with the mistreatment of any human. Sewell argues that in the common mans belief of Adam and Eve, that all men were heirs of the couple who fell from grace with temptation and gained their liberty, for better or worse. All heirs were entitled as equals to Adam and Eve. The gift of liberty was violated by the sale of Joseph by his brothers. (Amacher 13) Gods word in Exodus 21:16 supported this argument; This Law being of Everlasting Equity, wherein Man Stealing is ranked amongst the most atrocious of Capital Crimes. (Amacher 13) (Sewell 2) Richard E. Amachers comparison of Samuel Sewells The Selling of Joseph with other work of the same time period confirms that not all people of society agreed with the ownership of people or their employ or indenture as servants or slaves. A cultural rule of the 1700s was wide acceptance of slavery. Sewall looked at the Humanitarian aspect, and how society should treat all people. His attempt to influence society to change this pattern would not be realized for a great many years, yet his literary contributions show that not all bought into this ideal. Amacher emphasizes that: Sewalls [work] concentrated on human liberty as such, although he, too, good Calvinist that he was, buttressed his mainly humanitarian interests with many scriptural quotations. (Amacher 13) Theologically, the people of a society owe liberty to all descendants of Adam and Eve, as equals. Each side of the argument of slave ownership is supported by the same book, and end in different interpretations; each claiming to be correct based on their texts. Annotated Bibliography of The Gettysburg Address, by Abraham Lincoln Lodge, Henry Cabot. The Democracy of Abraham Lincoln The Democracy of the Constitution and Other Addresses and Essays. Charles Scribners Sons, 1915. 122-159. Rpt. In Nineteenth- Century Literature Criticism. Ed. Janet Mullane. Vol. 18. Detroit: Gale Research, 1988. Literature Resource Center. Web. 7, Mar. 2011. Henry Lodge Cabot speaks of the true meaning behind the words of Lincolns Gettysburg Address, in his essay titled the Democracy of Abraham Lincoln. Cabot explains his opinion about Lincolns idea concerning the government of the people. It is a government made up the citizens (the people) and its purpose is for governing of the people. The constitution is shown to be a continual pillar in our country. The document has basically been the same since the foundation of our nation. There have been some changes to the Constitution, such as three war time amendments, and the establishment of the income tax. The paper continues to state that Lincoln stated his opinion so clearly that there was no escape from its meaning. The Democracy of Abraham Lincoln is a good source about Lincolns Gettysburg Address as Cabot seems to fully grasp Lincolns meaning behind this famous speech. The information stated seems to show Lincolns belief that he could just deliver a basic message and with his words were fully understood. It is an example of a man who took his beliefs that the government should be for all the people. On review of this authors work I can definitely agree with his statement as follows; In his usual fashion he stated his proposition so clearly and with such finality that there is no escape from his meaning. This actually shows the fact that Lincoln simply told it how it was, with no fluff or exaggeration. The true meaning behind The Democracy of Abraham Lincoln supports the statement that as time change, the literature of that time changes to reflect the views of society. This address was a major turning point in civilized society. For the United States, the address was to be a benefit to the entire nation. The point of the address was to show that it is for all people but our society did and continues to show hypocrisy. It was not the original intent of our government but has shown to be a real issue in the world. Cabot explained Lincolns reasoning behind this speech but the overall result is not truly carried out in our country. Annotated Bibliography of Self Reliance by Ralph Waldo Emerson Grimm, Reverend David E. Introducing Unitarian Universalism. Interfaith Conference. Washburn University. Yager Stadium, Topeka, Kansas. October, 11, 2003. Web. 3 March 2011. Reverend David E. Grimm is a Unitarian Universalist minister, as was Emerson. The Unitarian Universalists have held Ralph Waldo Emerson in high regard for a great many years. Some of their principals come directly from the work of Emerson, and others were influenced by it. One of their principals is the free and responsible search for truth and meaning. Reverend Grimm gave a speech on Unitarian Universalism, where he introduced the Religion at an interfaith conference. In this speech, he gave a brief overview of Emerson, and stated that the desirable state of affairs where one could actually read the moral law directly for oneself was called self-reliance by a young Unitarian minister named Ralph Waldo Emerson. Grimm interprets the Essay by Emerson to mean that one should learn to trust the power within yourself to discern the higher law, to know whats right. This idea that a person could discern right from wrong without the guidance of the bible was not necessarily a new idea, but was not put out in the open so eloquently until Emerson wrote Self Reliance. Emerson was a Unitarian minister, but he left the church to pursue a career of writing. His writing still reflected his Unitarian beliefs, and in todays time, they are not only Unitarian, but more Unitarian Universalist, which only came to be after a merging of the two religions. The implications from the insight of Emerson brought an understanding of moral norms to Unitarianism. Grim States: After all, in the light of self-reliance, the Bible was seen for what it was: second-hand religion, a religion handed down from the past to us, from somebody elses original reading of the moral law long ago. (Grimm 15) Grim concludes that Self reliance unseated the hold of not only the Bible, but the sacred texts of other religions as well. All were someone elses interpretation of the moral law. It was the act of the interpretation that Emerson explained that a person could do for themselves. Grimm claims that Self Reliance put a truth out for people to consider: And so, over time, not just the Bible, but sacred texts from all of the worlds religions, came to be honored among us [Unitarian Universalists] as expressions of this universal human attempt to know what is right, and to do it. (Grimm 15) Emerson said Whoso would be a man, must be a non-conformist. (Emerson 7) meaning not to revolt against the system of man, but to question it, and gain knowledge that it holds. To accept answers on the basis of anothers opinion was trust not placed well. The major religions relied on their bible to relay right and wrong. Emerson attempts to tell the people that they already know right from wrong, and they only need to pull these morals from within. The work of Self Reliance coincides with the literary periods of Romanticism and of the Transcendentalists. This was a time of discovery and appreciation for nature. It was an enlightenment of the people, yet a grim realization by Emerson that dependence on societys demands and behaving correctly was becoming a major part of the human existence. Emerson says that men are overly concerned with reputations and the opinion of others so much so that they can no longer be genuine, and instead become hypocritical and cynical. Emerson further states that Society Never Advances. (Emerson 45) For every advancement, something is taken away. Emerson details this in a large selection: The civilized man has built a coach, but has lost the use of his feet. He is supported on crutches, but lacks so much support of the muscle. He has got a fine Geneva watch, but he has lost the skill to tell the hour by the sun. A Greenwich nautical almanac he has, and so being sure of the information when he wants it, the man in the street does not know a star in the sky. The solstice he does not observe; the equinox he knows as little; and the whole bright calendar of the year is without a dial in his mind. His notebooks impair his memory; his libraries overload his wit; the insurance-office increases the number of accidents; and it may be a question whether machinery does not encumber; whether we have not lost by refinement some energy, by a Christianity entrenched in establishments and forms some vigor of wild virtue. For every stoic was a stoic; but in Christendom where is the Christian? (Emerson 46) These statements prove that throughout history, the views of civility have changed, and that the perception of such has changed with political correctness thus changing cultural rules. Emersons Self Reliance shows that civilized society is indeed flawed, and is inherently tainted with hypocrisy. Annotated Bibliography of The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain Grant, William E. Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Masterplots, Fourth Edition (2010): 1-4. Literary Reference Center. EBSCO. Web. 10 Mar. 2011. Mark Twain gave the world The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn in 1876. It was a sequel to The Adventures of Tom Sawyer. Twain opens this novel by explaining to the reader that he is being true to the characters of the book by keeping their regional dialects. According to William E. Grant, in his criticism titled Adventures of Huckleberry Finn published in Masterplots, states: The skill with which Twain elevates the dialect of an illiterate village boy to the highest levels of poetry established the spoken American idiom as a literary language and earned for Twain the reputation, proclaimed for him by Ernest Hemingway, William Faulkner, and many others, as the father of the modern American novel. (Grant 13) Aside from the dialect of the characters, Twain manages to bring forth an uncanny goodness in most of the characters. Twain successfully depicts the world the characters live in as volatile and ever changing. Every character is in some sort of conflict. Themes of the novel are: Society in itself is hypocritical, Freedom, Slavery, Search for a Father Figure, the common man versus the world (or society) and the brotherhood of man. According to Grant, Twain believed human beings to be innately good though increasingly corrupted by social influences that replace their intuitive sense of right and wrong. (Grant 14) The character of Huck battles with his conscience many times in trying to decide what would be the right thing to do. He fakes his death in order to save himself, yet, feels it could be the reason his father died. Huck struggles with Jims status as a slave and if he should turn him in or not. Huck eventually decides to go to Hell and maintain his decision to break what is considered morally and legally wrong, and not turn Jim in; in fact, he protects Jim at every turn. Edwards feels that Twain compellingly establishes the irony that Hucks sin against the social establishment affirms the best that is possible in the individual. Within the novel, references are made to code of Honor with the Shepherdson boys, who live under the law of vendetta against the Grangerfords. There are also numerous references to civilize. The Widow Douglass attempts to Civilize Huck, making him wear fancies on Sundays and act proper and sit up straight. She wanted to teach him religion, yet she ironically holds slaves. She seemingly does not hold herself to what even she feels is not wholly right; she will not have her slaves sold to anyone else because she cares for them very well and she would not have them sent to someone who would treat them as good as she. Grant is of the opinion that slavery provides Twain his largest metaphor for both social bondage and institutionalized injustice and inhumanity. He further feels that the novel is not an anti-slavery novel per say, but rather than attacking an institution already legally dead, Twain uses the idea of slavery as a metaphor for all social bondage and injustice. (Grant 15) The novel was published nearly thirteen years after the end of the civil war, yet opinions and perceptions on race were not yet settled. Both Huck and Jim were literally and in perceptual slavery to the Widow Douglass. They both flee to begin a new life in a slave free state, yet cast off headed south on the Mississippi. Grant offered insight to the direction of the raft as It is almost irrelevant that Twain has Huck and Jim running deeper into the South rather than north toward free soil. Freedom exists neither in the North nor in the South but in the ideal and idyllic world of the raft and river. (Grant 15) The raft and the River both play catalyst to the heart of the relationship of Huck and Jim. The two see themselves fleeing the same situations, in their minds. Both take risks for one another, and there are consequences of being caught for both Huck and Jim. Huck is perceived as an abolitionist, punishable by death. Jim is seen as the murderer of Huck, punishable by death. While each has their life on the line for the other, they sincerely protect each another, almost as father and son. They make stops along the river for supplies and rest, each stop bringing an adventure that sends them fleeing once again for the sanctuary of their raft. Grant considers It is onshore that Huck encounters the worst excesses of which the damned human race is capable, but with each return to the raft comes a renewal of spiritual hope and idealism. Grant 16) William E. Grants essay enforces the idea of Hypocrisy in Civilized Society. The novel brings situations of Slavery, Civility, rules and wrongs that many people of the 19th century simply did not want to hear about, speak of, or deal with. They would have to turn the mirror inward and have a good look at themselves, because most people simply followed the cultural rules, and did not speak out even if they thought something was wrong. Grant ends his essay of criticism of the Adventures of Huckleberry Finn with a most well written statement: Through the adventures of an escaped slave and a runaway boy, both representatives of the ignorant and lowly of the earth, Twain affirms that true humanity is found in humans rather than institutions. (Grant 14) While this novel continually takes a beating for its content, the underlying moral truths that are exposed can still be applied to current times, with only a slight twist. It is literature such as The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn that should remain as originally written, unedited, in order to maintain the integrity with which it was intended. Annotated Bibliography of The Road Not Taken by Robert Frost Grimes, Linda Sue. Robert Frosts Tricky Poem. Analysis of The Road Not Taken. Suite101.com Media Inc., 14 Apr. 2008. Web. 9 Mar. 2011. . The Road Not Taken was written by Robert Frost. This poem characterizes an assertion of individualism. In Robert Frosts Tricky Poem, an analysis by Linda Sue Grimes, she states that Frost claims this poem was about his friend Edward Thomas. They [Frost and Thomas] would periodically go on walks in the woods near London. While they would be enjoying their walk they would come across two different roads to take. After choosing one road, rumor has it; Thomas would always wonder what was down the other road. According to Grimes in Robert Frosts Tricky Poem, the first stanza is describing the situation, which was the dilemma of choosing one road over the other. The second stanza describes the road he decides to take. Because it was grassy and wanted wear he takes the road that is less traveled on, even though he stated that they were and were not exactly the same. The third stanza continuities to describe the roads, he notices the difference between the two. Such as the leaves were freshly fallen and both had not been walked on. Â  The forth stanza has tricky words, I shall be telling this with a sigh, the word this can be interpreted as a relief or regret in the decision of the road he takes. (Frost 16) Different interpretations can be identified after reading The Road Not Taken, such as views upon friendship or his future behind the road he has taken and his experiences because of his choice. In the beginning of the 20th century there was a strong focus on individuality and nature, as it offered an escape from focus of World War I. Various processes in industrialism were taking shape in the country and changing views of society. Frosts poetry served as a system check back to reality from the chaos of the times. As Grimes says: In this poem, it is important to be careful with the time frame. When the speaker says he will be reporting sometime in the future how his road choice turned out, he clearly states that he cannot assign meaning to sigh and difference yet, because he cannot know how his choice will affect his future, until after he has lived it. (Grimes 11) Annotated Bibliography of Resistance to Civil Government by Henry David Thoreau Yarborough, Wynn. Readings of Thoreaus Resistance to Civil Government. American Transcendentalism Web. Virginia Commonwealth University. 1995. Web. March 11, 2011. Wynn Yarboroughs paper, titled Readings of Thoreaus Resistance to Civil Government, is an overview of Thoreaus Resistance to Civil Government, which is sometimes simply called Civil Disobedience, is based on a variety of sources from the 1920s through the 1970s. In the early paragraphs, Mr. Yarborough goes through the stages of Thoreaus life and different ways in which his work was perceived through the years. The remainder of the paper consists primarily of variety of different opinions and how each of them plays a part in certain time periods. The overall view of the references used by Mr. Yarborough is that Thoreau was a man with a great ability to justify his beliefs. Each of the views expressed by him seems to be validated by others in the years to come. It is my belief that Mr. Yarborough was very informative with this paper. It was an overview complied from many sources over an extended period of time. Each of the critics shows a side of Thoreau and they use his beliefs to back up their choices. The government is reflected in different ways during each of the reviews that Mr. Yarborough states. I feel that each of the critics of Thoreau may believe that his ways were not justified and that perhaps he was not rational. Critics such as Vivas, Parrington and MacKayne all show a variety of beliefs which may be justified by critiquing Thoreau. One example in Mr. Yarboroughs research that speaks to the significance of Thoreaus writings is In the 1960s, Thoreau became not only relevant but almost a popular icon. The statement that as time changes the literature of that time changes to reflect the views of society is shown correct with this review and how Thoreaus work is used to further many causes. Each time period from the 1920s through the 1970s has shown that the government had ever changing values. While time continues to change literature, time changes to reflect the views of society. Hypocrisy will always be a part of the government as it was so many years ago and it continues today. It is not the intention of the people involved but it is how society seems to function as a whole. Annotated Bibliography of Smoke and Steel by Carl Sandburg Niven, Penelope. Carl (August) Sandburg. American Poets, 1880-1945: Third Series. Ed. Peter Quartermain. Detroit: Gale Research, 1987. Dictionary of Literary Biography Vol. 54. Literature Resource Center. Web. 14 Mar. 2011. Penelope Nivens Critical essay, titled Carl (August) Sandburg, offers a look at the life and work of Carl Sandberg, an American Poet. Niven opens with a brief biographical essay, highlighting that Sandburg came from humble beginnings as the child of immigrants from Sweden. His parents met after they arrived in the United States, in Illinois. They were in search of a share of American democracy and prosperity. (Niven 4) His father was a hard worker, being employed by the railroad yard as a blacksmith. Sandburg was born in 1878, and was raised speaking both English and Swedish. According to Niven, Carl Sandberg was eager to assimilate into American Culture and Society at a very early age. When he was in grade school, he changed his name from a Swedish sounding Carl to a more American Sounding Charles. (Niven 4) There were many children in the Sandburg household, and after the deaths of two of the children, in 1892, Charles was forced to leave school to help with the familys needed income. In 1897, Sandburg left his family, at the age of eighteen, and toured the United States on the rails as a hobo. He gained knowledge of different areas, and worked odd jobs with the local working class people to get a small bit of money that helped him from one place to another. His desire to travel was immense, and he eventually volunteered for service in the Spanish American War in 1898. (Niven 6) His status as a veteran allowed him to attend college at no cost. He did attend, but did not excel, and eventually left. Sandburg was more interested with people and the landscape than he was with proper schooling. Sandberg began to write about the American people being candid and rugged, speaking in individual free-verse style which spoke clearly, directly, and often crudely to the audience which was also his subject. (Niven 10) He became an investigative reporter for the Chicago Daily News; he further developed passionate social concerns. Nivens states: He covered war, racial strife, lynchings, mob violence, and the inequities of the industrial society, such as child labor, and disease and injury induced in the workplace. These concerns were transmuted into poetry. Sandberg published several books of poetry, the first being Chicago Poems, that gave realistic views from the working class, children, and the inexplicable fate of the vulnerable and struggling human victims of war, progress, business. The following volume of poetry was titled Smoke and Steel (1920), which focused on the harsh reality of the times. The volume vividly depicts the daily toil of the working man and woman, the people who must sing or die.' Within the volume, a poem also titled Smoke and Steel, Sandburg uses Smoke from steel mills, spring fields, and autumn leaves as metaphors for the blood of a man. He considers them a life force, but also that which gives the people commonality. The poem details the struggle of the common man. Nivens finds that the Volume as a collection is uneven and concludes with contradictory critical views. She further states that other critics have labeled Sandburg as having no sense of the past or vision of the future. Some critics, however, did find that this son of Swedish immigrants was particularly suited to write about the incomplete, but urgent and hopeful American democracy and that Sandberg allows others to see our national life in the largeits beauty and glory, its baseness and shame. This article by Penelope Nivens offers a great look at the life and times of Carl Sandberg, and does relate his work, as a whole, to spotlighting the hypocrisy of American Society, within the time period that it is written, the 1920s, in the height of the Industrial Revolution. Within the poem, Smoke and Steel, the focus is on the lifeblood of all the people and what the people must do and conform to in order to make society work, and work for each of them. Even those who wish to escape the hypocrisy of civilized society and do something else will eventually return because of the jobs provided by industry. The anthem learned by the steel is: Do this or go hungry. (Sandburg 104, 105) Nivens concludes Yet as the spokesman for the great human family, Carl Sandburg, biographer, historian, troubadour, and poet, speaks to any period, any place. Annotated Bibliography of Smoke and Steel by Carl Sandburg Yannella, Philip. The Other Carl Sandburg. Univ. Press of Mississippi, 1996. Google Books. Web. 14 Mar. 2011. http://books.google.com/books?id=9T9h_xAdxGwCprintsec=frontcover#v=onepage qf=false Phillip Yannella has written immense material analyzing the poetry and works of Carl Sandburg, a poet of the early 20th century. In his book titled, The Other Carl Sandburg, Yanella looks at several of the books that Sandburg wrote, and attempts to shed light onto each volume, and give a bit of a representation to some of the more important individual poems contained within the volumes. The volume, Smoke and Steel, comprised many poems, and was the second book for Carl Sandburg. The first book reflected positively on the working class, and its eventual happiness to be active and productive. The second book, Smoke and Steel, has no heroic working class about to rise up to take its just due, no models of proper working class behavior, no noble immigrant workers, no happy autonomous humanistic workers, workers who danced and sang in spite of their lowness. (Yannella 144) Instead, with Smoke and Steel, Sandburg portrayed the worker as an angry and violent soul, and who harbored hostility against society. The worker was invisible. The time when the work was written, the 1920s, is important because the Race Riots had just happened, and there was a steel dispute that caused workers to decline in numbers, the union to strike, and allowed technology to take many a workers job. The poem titled Smoke and Steel is the longest in the volume of the same name. It contains some of the most intense, suggestive language he ever wrote. (Yanella 145) Sandburg metaphorically compares the smoke to the blood of man. He says that there is smoke in the mills, in the fields, in the burning leaves, and this smoke is from the work done by the common man. This man puts so much of himself into the task that the smoke becomes his blood and without it he cannot sustain, as the work cannot sustain without the worker. Smoke into blood, and blood into steel. They make the steel with men. The work of Sandburg and the Analysis by Phillip Yannella prove the thesis that society is hypocritical in itself, by requiring things to be made through industry to support it, yet it is the man who works in industry, and in doing so, suffers. The poem, Smoke and Steel, has powerful language that exposes the fact that steel is part of our everyday life, and it creeps into the everyday existence of every person. What is of the person and family who worked so hard and sometimes gave their life to give these often meaningless things to society? Sandburg states Smoke and blood is the mix of steel connecting the product with what has gone into making it. (Sandburg 45) He continues, as if every other person in the country is named Steve. Steve and the rest of us end on the same stars; we all wear a hat in hell together, in hell or heaven. (Sandburg 71) Sandburg touches on the environmental aspect as the byproduct of the steel that is made, slag, is washed out by fire and wind, and states Forever the slag gets washed in fire and wind because slag will contaminate wherever it lies forever. Sandberg shows that in our time or progress, we find need for steel and other industry, for our planes, our warships, and our rails. Sandburg humanizes the workers as brothers, and extends their reach as smoke from all industry to reach every American. Annotated Bibliography of I have a Dream by Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Dlugan, Andrew. Speech Analysis: I Have a Dream Martin Luther King Jr. Six Minutes. Six Minutes, Jan. 2009. Web. 14 Mar. 2011. . On August 28, 1963 the anniversary of Dr. Martin Luther Kings I Have a Dream speech, is called Dream Day. Andrew Dlugan, in his speech analysis, states I Have A Dream is one of the most memorable speeches of all time. (Dlugan). That title represents an uplifting illusion to all who had the honor of listening to the speech, at least once in their lifetime. According to Dlugan, There are many uses of literally terms in the topics of Kings speech, such as rhetorical methods, including repetition, metaphors, inspiration, identification and persuasion. Dlugan points out that I Have A Dream is repeated eight times. This is an example of anaphora in modern rhetoric. The repetition of words is common within the speech. Freedom is repeated 20 times, mainly because freedom is the primary theme. The words, we, 30 times, our, seventeen times and dream, eleven times. In paragraph two of Kings speech, Five score years ago refers to Lincolns famous Gettysburg Address speech which began Four score and seven years ago This allusion is particularly poignant given that King was speaking in front of the Lincoln Memorial (Dlugan). Geographic reference was mention throughout the speech, Mississippi and New York (paragraph 13), Georgia (paragraph 19) and Alabama (paragraph 22). Lastly, metaphors are highlighting the contrast between two abstract concepts. Joyous daybreak to end the long night captivity (Paragraph 2). The Negro lives on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity (Paragraph 3). This speech and analysis of it prove the thesis by showing that the people do not stand on the moral ground that they think that they do. Society has been living without seeing that other people, who share the same lands as they, are not affo

Winston Moseley

Outline Thesis Statement: Winston Moseley has had three major details that impacted his life, such as his back ground, his crimes, and his time in jail. I. Winston Moseley was a working man and had a family. a. Moseley owned a home in Richmond Hill, Queens, New York. b. He worked as a machine operator in New York. c. Moseley was raising two children with his wife in Queens. d. He was apprehended on March 18, 1964, while trying to steal television. e. He did not have any previous criminal record. II. Moseley was charge with three murder cases. a. The crime he is most known for is the Genovese murder on March 27, 1964. b.On the day of the arrest, for the murder of Catherine Genovese, Moseley confessed to the murder of two other women. c. He confessed to the murders of Barbara Kralik, Annie Johnson, and Catherine Genovese. d. Moseley was appointed the death sentence. e. On the other hand, Moseley’s mental condition was admitted into the case as new evidence and his sentence was r educed to life in prison. III. Once convicted, Moseley tried everything to acquire early parole. a. Winston Moseley had six appeals between the years of 1984-1995, only to be denied. b. The state parole board described Winston’s behavior as bizarre and self-serving in his meetings. . While in prison Moseley wrote many letters to newspapers and magazines in order to receive early parole. IV. For these reasons, is why Winston Moseley is where he is today. a. Moseley is a criminal and has spent 48 years and counting of his life in prison. b. He had the American dream—a house, wife, and kids. c. He threw his life away when he decided to become a murder. Image a woman with a loving husband, the couple enjoy raising two wonderful children together and are happily married. The husband has a solid job and seems to be a law-abiding citizen.However, on a ordinary spring day, her joyful home life comes to a complete standstill. Her husband, Winston Moseley is arrested on three co unts of murder. In addition to murder, Winston Moseley is suspected of being associated with several other recent crimes. Winston Moseley’s life can be characterized by three major settings: his family life, his crimes, and his imprisonment. Winston Moseley was known to everyone around him as a typical family man, and he owned a house in Queens, New York. Winston worked as a machine operator in New York, and he work very hard to support his family.He and his wife, were also busy raising their two children. He did not have any type of previous criminal record. However, Winston Mosley was arrested on March 18, 1964 for attempting to steal a television. He was 28 years old at the time of his first arrest. This shocking arrest was only the beginning of convictions made towards Moseley. (Gado â€Å"Investigation† 1) Moseley secret life of crime began suddenly began to unravel. Moseley was later charged with several rapes, burglaries, and three homicides (Philpin 3). The cri me for which he became most well-known was is the Genovese murder on March 27, 1964.On the day Mosley was arrested for the murder of Catherine Genovese, he also confessed to the murder of two other women. He had previously murdered Barbara Kralik and Annie Johnson, as well as Catherine Genovese (Philpin 3). Following his trial, Moseley was given the death sentence. Later, Moseley’s unstable mental condition was admitted into the case as evidence of his unpredictable behavior, and his sentence was reduced to life in prison. During his imprisonment, Moseley tried numerous times to acquire an early parole. He attempted to demonstrate every evidence of personal reform.He read books, wrote letters, and he made an effort to earn a college degree in Sociology. A rumor had even circulated that Moseley wrote a letter to the Genovese family asking for their forgiveness (Philpin 3). Winston Moseley had six appeals between the years of 1984 – 1995 while in the Attica prison, yet h e was denied each time. The State parole board conducted several evaluation meetings with Winston Moseley and described his behavior as odd and self-absorbed. Moseley wrote many letters to newspapers and magazines in his efforts to obtain sympathy and receive an early parole. His efforts were ineffective. Gado â€Å"Journey†) Winston Moseley remains in prison to this day. So far, he has spent 48 years of his life in prison. He was once a family man who lived the American dream. He had a lovely wife, healthy children, a house, and a good job. Yet, Moseley chose to throw away this pleasing life for a life of crime, including the worst crime of all – murder. Works Cited Gado, Mark. â€Å"Investigation. † n. d. Web. 20 Feb. 2012. —. †The Journey of Winston Moseley. † n. d. Web. 20 Feb. 2012. Philpin, John. â€Å"Who the Hell Is Winston Moseley? And Why Would Anyone Care? † 30 Dec. 2005. Web. 20 Feb. 2012.

Intercultural Competence Worksheet Essay

1. What does â€Å"intercultural† communication mean to you? Intercultural communication to me means many things. It mainly means the way that people communicate throughout the different cultures that they derive from. Intercultural communication is basically the way that one person from a particular country would communicate with someone from America. Every culture has their own set of non-verbal gestures that could mean something completely different to an opposing culture. Verbal communication differs between different cultures and ethnic groups as well. Here is an example from Chapter One’s reading that I found to be quite interesting: â€Å"Latinos make up nearly a third of the populations of California and Texas, and they constitute at least 20 percent of the people in Arizona, Florida, Nevada, and New Mexico†. I live in Florida and found this interesting because the population of the town that I live in is well over one half populated with Latinos. We are forced to communicate and understand their cultures in order to better understand them on a personal level. Intercultural Competence: Interpersonal Communication across Cultures, Sixth Edition, by Myron W. Lustig and Jolene Koester. Published by Allyn & Bacon. Copyright  © 2010 by Pearson Education, Inc. 2. Define â€Å"intracultural† communication. How is this definition both similar and different to â€Å"intercultural† communication? According to Yahoo.com,†Intracultural communication† is often a trigger for stereotypes. First a definition of â€Å"Intracultural communication† is the type of communication that takes place between members of the same dominant  culture, but with slightly different values, as opposed to â€Å"intercultural communication† which is the communication between two distinct cultures. An example of intracultural communication triggering a stereotype would be if a person in the dominant culture, let’s say of the United States, spoke Ebonics. If a non-Ebonics speaking person hears Ebonics, a dialect of English with slang,they may assume the person is of low intelligence, and is a criminal or violent in nature. Ebonics is a language that is widely spoken among many African Americans as well as those from very southern states. For example, in my town we have what we call â€Å"Rednecks† who have their own language. I understand it but I have personally come into contact with people from up North who cannot understand a word of what that person is saying. http://voices.yahoo.com/intracultural-intercultural-causes-stereotypes-13680.html 3. What are some reasons and approaches behind mastering intercultural communication? Mastering Intercultural Communication can be master by the BASIC dimensions of Intercultural Competence. Here are the skills needed in order to master Intercultural Communication: Display of Respect- The ability to show respect and positive regard for another person Orientation to Knowledge- The terms people use to explain themselves and the world around them Empathy- The capacity to behave as though you understand the world as others do Interaction Management- Skill in regulating conversations Task Role Behavior- Behaviors that involve the initiation of ideas related to group problem solving activities Relational Role Behavior- Behaviors associated with Interpersonal Harmony and Mediation Tolerance for Ambiguity- The ability to react to new and ambiguous situations with little visible discomfort Interaction Posture- The ability to respond to others in descriptive, nonevaluative, and non-judgmental ways. These BASIC descriptions of behaviors are seen as cross cultural. What that means is that no matter the culture that a person may be in, these skills are always used in one way or another. Intercultural Competence: Interpersonal Communication across Cultures, Sixth Edition, by Myron W. Lustig and Jolene Koester. Published by Allyn & Bacon. Copyright  © 2010 by Pearson Education, Inc. Part 2: Intercultural Encounters Activity Instructions: Describe and analyze a recent intercultural encounter with someone of a different age, ethnicity, race, or religion. In at least 450 words, respond and include details to the following questions: 1. Briefly describe the person and the place. 2. How were you changed by the encounter? 3. What do you wish you had known to deal better with this intercultural encounter? A recent intercultural encounter that I was a part of was at my house in a conversation that I engaged in with my father in law. Our conversation was about his religion and how it differs from my particular faith. You see, my father in law is a very wise man in his mid-fifties. He has a lot of experience about a lot of interesting things. He was raised in the Jehovah Witness faith and talks about it every chance he gets. One evening, he was over at my house to enjoy a nice dinner with the rest of our family and something in the conversation was brought up about religion. My family and I, as well as his wife practice the Pentecostal faith. My father in law does not believe in it what so ever. As a matter of fact, he says that our faith goes against his completely. Now, while discussing the different aspects of his faith, I learned about why they choose not to participate in holidays or birthday activities. Jehovah Witnesses are seen as the people who believe that heaven is here on Earth, which is not true. When someone sees a Jehovah Witness coming to the door, what is it that they typically do? They slam the door in their faces and tell them to leave. To be honest, I was guilty of  the same exact thing until I learned more about how my father in law believes. All my life, I was taught about the Pentecostal faith; I was taught to not listen to Jehovah Witnesses because they â€Å"didn’t believe that Jesus Christ died for our sins on the cross†. Something that I learned thru this encounter to be entirely not true. Honestly, there have been so many times that I have apologized to my father in law for thinking that their faith was not holy, that they did not know our one true God. Boy was I wrong! I have been changed thru this encounter and the countless others that I have had to be more understanding of other’s religions and views of Christ Our Lord. Who really knows what the right religion is anyway? There are so many things that I wish I had known before judging people like my father in law. I did not give him a chance at all. His faith combined with mine has a lot of common characteristics; something I find to be very interesting. I ask him questions that I am curious about and he answers. I have also made friends with a very nice lady that attends his segregation and she comes to our house occasionally as well. He understands and respects my faith and doesn’t try to push his on me. I highly respect and love him for that.