Wednesday, August 26, 2020

Carbon Disclosure Project Of Greenhouse Gas Protocol †Free Samples

Question: Examine about the Carbon Disclosure Project Of Greenhouse Gas Protocol. Answer: Information Inferential Pearson's coefficient test is a factual connection that quantifies the relationship or measurable relationship of nonstop factors. Pearson is the best method.It is known as the best strategy for estimating the relationship between factors of intrigue since it depends on the technique for covariance (Hammill and Pearson, 2017). Pearsons Coefficient was intended to give specialists a productive route for evaluation. Theory Testing At whatever point we direct examination, we are doing it to explain our theory or answer the speculation. There are consistently two theories out of which one must demonstrate right, and other one gets wiped out. Moreover, in this examination, we are driving a hypothesis if organizations utilize an inward cost of carbon and that will occur on the off chance that we contrast the outcomes and the p-esteem with the essentialness estimation of 0.05. In this Pearson coefficient, the alpha worth ends up being 18.65 which is high than 0.05 which suggests that invalid speculation will be dismissed. There is a connection between the two factors. Connection: H1 and H0= Companies utilizes an inside cost of carbon Standard Error In insights, we characterize standard mistake as a blunder which diverges from the example mean. The separation of each datum point from the mean is squared, added and found the middle value of to find the change. Standard error= 2.16 Standard Deviation Standard deviation is the deviation of the data from its genuine mean. It is determined on the mean. It can get affected by the extraordinary high or low qualities in the information. The distinction of each datum esteem from the mean is first squared, added and after that arrived at the midpoint of to find the deviation. If the data point is a long way from the mean, the higher is the standard deviation. In this combined example test, the standard deviation ends up being SD = 18.65, which is high and states that the revelation scores are far away (in any occasion generally 59%) from the ordinary regard. Conversation The examination venture has been done regarding the matter of whether organizations utilize an inward cost of carbon from a lawful point of view of the real hypothesis. It was an unfathomably captivating and indispensable topic of conversation about on the grounds that carbon radiation is transforming into an overall issue (Andrew and Cortese, 2011). The intermingling of carbon has been extending after some time and is transforming into a matter of concern. At the general scale, paces of soil CO2 efflux relate without a doubt with temperature and precipitation; they don't interface well with soil carbon pools, soil nitrogen pools, or soil. Wetlands spread around 3% of the land zone, in any case, decrease anticipated CO2 floods by just around 1% (Raich and Potter, 1995). Various immense endeavors are contributing towards it reliably, and in this endeavor, we will survey how their responsibilities are impacting this carbon changes. The needy variable was exposure of inside carbon evalu ating, and the free factor was carbon outflow. Control variable was organization quality. The hypothesis was to survey if the organizations utilize an inside carbon estimating and do that sway carbon exposure scores. In this exploration, we had taken 74 associations data and break down their responses in yes or no towards our assessment question. We had taken joined model test as 37 associations response was truly, and rest 37 associations response was no. Both autonomous and control factors are assessed. Coordinated model test was coordinated in light of the fact that we had two models whose reaction can be contrasted and another model reaction. The results give the idea that there is a tremendous association between the two factors that suggests that organizations are utilizing an inside carbon estimating. The revelations of the examination revealed that the authenticity hypothesis intensely influences taking a gander at the carbon emanation (Hrasky, 2012).The perspective of the authenticity hypothesis is to secure the energy of their partners by administering morals and characteristics (Cooper, 2017). The results show given the proximity of the speculators; there was a connection between the given variables. By sponsoring the exploration affiliation, these associations are supporting all of those bussinesses with duty towards carbon outflow and are a bit of willful carbon revelation. The associations which show their introduction scores are contributing towards energy of their examiners and organization about their peril organization and how they are overseeing it. What will this information do? This information, possibly, will bolster trust in their monetary pros about the association in light of the fact that the association had found out their danger productively that help theorists in picking any enthusiasm for the association. On the off chance that this information isn't given to the customers, by then, they may not be busy with placing assets into those associations in light of the fact that the examiners need a higher pace of return for non-presentation of carbon surge. More or less, associations who had revealed their carbon revelation will in general draw in a higher number of budgetary financial specialists as a differentiation to the organizations that give no presentation. Therefore, unveiling the ecological performace if benefitial to the associatio n. Impediments Only 74 associations are picked out of 5055 associations that infer only a littler example was taken to close a delayed consequence of such a significant issue of carbon divulgence. The autonomous elements are in like manner restricted as we are taking authenticity hypothesis which fuses huge social occasions like government, suppliers, customers, financial specialists (Freedman and Park, 2017). The discernments are independent of one another. The day and time of the examination were confined to 3 months which may have impacted the explanation of the introduction. Out of all of the 74 associations picked for this examination numerous them had not given their information infers they had not revealed their intentional carbon emanation. Presumptions are taken to complete the assessment adventure. We are tolerating the result of 74 test associations and deriving their results as a masses of 5055 associations. We are furthermore expecting the authenticity hypothesis from financial special ists and corporate organization point of view figuratively speaking. Associations who are uncovering their carbon emanation are may revealing their carbon divulgence through various methods as well. There are various theories in like manner like partner hypothesis and organization hypothesis which can give some explanation; along these lines, authenticity hypothesis doesn't give a prohibitive explanation of deliberate carbon exposure. A further limitation to the examination is frailty to give level with certain organizations in each get-together like the store, utilities, social protection, present day, information development, etc. Further, this errand is compelled to 2015 exposure data that suggests the results are bound to one-year data rather than a progression of the year. Further Research The strategic this examination venture was to redesign our understanding on carbon emanation. There are yet many open entryways regarding this matter on which more point by point study should be conceivable. In this undertaking, we endeavored to introduce how definitively affiliations is wilfully exhibiting their dedication on carbon spread and how enough we are using that data in our hypothesis (Legitimacy hypothesis) to find a couple of results and showing the theory. A comparative examination can be imitated in an alternate region to add to the worldwide asset and comprehension of the universal status of ecological execution and natural divulgence. Morover, there are various territories on which exploration can be focussed. For example, one may pick to decide the account and how it impacts ecological changes. Further investigations could concentrate on the most proficient method to interface the discoveries of the examination to improve the advancing exercises of nearby organizati ons. At last, research has been done on authenticity hypothesis, and results have been created, yet there are different speculations additionally like partner hypothesis and office hypothesis which may give various outcomes. The two hypotheses gave an alternate understanding into the point and had pertinence towards the deliberate carbon emanation divulgence. The specialty is as yet accessible for additional exploration to defeat existing requirements. References Andrew, J., Cortese, C.L., 2011. Carbon revelations: Comparability, the carbon exposure venture and the ozone harming substance convention. Australas. Record. Transport. Account J. 5, 518. Cooper, S., 2017. Corporate social execution: A partner approach. Taylor Francis. Freedman, M., Park, J., 2017. SECs 2010 Release on Climate Change: Shifting from Voluntary to Mandatory Climate Change Disclosure. Soc. Environ. Record. J. 37, 203221. Hammill, D.D., Pearson, N., 2017. A far reaching trial of nonverbal insight, in: Handbook of Nonverbal Assessment. Springer, pp. 167184. Hrasky, S., 2012. Visual revelation techniques embraced by more and less manageability driven organizations. Introduced at the Accounting Forum, Elsevier, pp. 154165. Raich, J.W., Potter, C.S., 1995. Worldwide examples of carbon dioxide outflows from soils. Glob. Biogeochem. Cycles 9, 2336.

Saturday, August 22, 2020

Spanish Verbs of Remembering and Forgetting

Spanish Verbs of Remembering and Forgetting The most widely recognized Spanish action words of recollecting and overlooking are recordar and olvidar, individually. Action words For Remembering and Forgetting Recordar: Here are a few instances of recordar being used. Note that it is conjugated sporadically, following the example of - as it were, the of the stem becomes. Recuerdo que nuestro equipo time impresionante. I recollect that our group was incredible. ¿Ya no recuerdas cuando times un niã ±o? You still dont recollect when you where a child?Firefox no quiere recordar mis contraseã ±as. Firefox doesnt need to recall my passwords.No recuerdo donde fue mi preliminary beso. I dont recollect where my first kiss was.Siempre te recordaremos. We will consistently recollect you. Etymology:Recordar originates from the Latinrecordari, which means to recall. Interestingly,recordar is a cousin of the wordcorazã ³n, which means heart, as the heart has been thought of as the focal point of memory and feelings. Bogus companion alert: Except in poor interpretations from English, recordar isn't utilized for importance to record. Action words utilized for that reason incorporate anotar (to record) and grabar (to make a sound or video recording). Acordarse de: Also usually utilized for to recall is the reflexive action word acordarse followed by the relational word de. As you would have speculated, acordarse is likewise a cousin of corazã ³n. It likewise is conjugated after a similar example as recordar. Me acuerdo de la brisa que nos acariciaba. I recall the breeze that would stroke us. ¿Por quã © a veces nos acordamos de lo que soã ±amos y otras veces no? For what reason do we some of the time recollect what we dream and different occasions we dont?La respuesta corta a la pregunta es no, no se acordaron de nosotros. The short response to the inquiry is no, they didnt recollect us.No quiero acordarme de ayer. I dont need to recall yesterday. Rememorar: Spanish has a related of recall, rememorar, yet it isnt utilized all the time, and afterward ordinarily to allude to an occasion being memorialized or perceived: Presidente Correa rememorã ³ la masacre del 2 de agosto. President Correa recollected the Aug. 2 slaughter. Olvidar: Olvidar is the main action word in like manner utilize that way to overlook. It some of the time is utilized in the reflexive structure, frequently in the expression olvidarse de, which can (yet doesnt consistently) propose purposeful overlooking. In certain zones, olvidarse without the de is normal. Los Spurs olvidaron el estilo que los habã ­a distinguido. The Spurs overlooked the style that had recognized them. ¡Ayà ºdame! Olvidã © mi contraseã ±a de Hotmail. Help! I overlooked my Hotmail password.No voy an olvidar nunca mi visita a Mlaga. Sick always remember my visit to Mlaga.Me olvidarã © que fuiste mã ­o y que ahora te perderã ©. Sick overlook that you were mine and that now I will lose you. ¿Por quã © nos olvidamos de fechas importantes? For what reason do we overlook significant dates? ¡No olvidemos lo nuestro! Lets not overlook whats our own! Regularly olvidarse can work like gustar, in that the thing overlooked turns into the subject of the action word, and the person(s) who overlooked turns into the circuitous article: Es un video que no se te olvidar nunca. Its a video youll always remember. (Actually, its a video that will never be neglected to you.)Un dã ­a se me olvidaron las llaves del carro. One day I overlooked the vehicle keys.Se me olvidã ³ el coche en el autolavado y cerraba a las 6. I overlooked the vehicle in the vehicle wash and it shut down at 6. Historical underpinnings: Olvidar originates from the Latin oblitus, absent minded, making it a cousin of English words, for example, insensibility and unmindful. Sources Sources utilized in this exercise include Fotolog.com, Devocionalies Cristianos, Internetizado.com, Isaac Arriola, La Voz de Galicia, Soyunalbondiga.com, Mi Rincã ³n del Alma, Taringa.net, Tenisweb, Terra.com, Ubuntu-es.org andâ 3wilio.

Sunday, August 16, 2020

Consultants The Collaboration Tools You Use Affect Stakeholder Engagement

Consultants The Collaboration Tools You Use Affect Stakeholder Engagement Your success as a business consultant, among other things, hinges on the level of collaboration you achieve with clients. Getting your team in lockstep with your client, and their various stakeholders, is crucial for the success of any project or engagement. “When a consultant is on the ‘same page’ as their clients, it becomes easier to achieve common goals and objectives within a set timeframe,” says the team at TekPartners.   It’s also important for getting clients to buy into your ideas in the first place. The better you can collaborate and communicate with team members at all levels, the better your chances of getting buy-in, explains the team at Parker + Lynch.   But merely calling for more collaboration isn’t enough. You need to use tools that allow everyone to collaborate and work seamlessly together.   Cloud-based task management tools are fantastic in this respect. By encouraging their adoption, you can improve teamwork, strengthen both internal and external communication, and ultimately prove your value as a consultant. Intuitive Design Encourages Immediate Productivity People expect smooth user experiences. When software is easy to use and sufficiently familiar, onboarding times decrease, and people can focus their energies on getting work done as a team. Intuitive often goes hand in hand with a visually appealing user experience. “It’s been proven that humans are visual learners and studies have shown that visual information is retained longer than written or spoken information,” says writer and political scientist Marcus Johnson. “So it makes sense that visual collaboration tools are increasing business productivity.” Visually appealing tools are a genuine pleasure to use, but they also make the actual process of working easier. The easier a tool is to use and understand, the quicker you and your clients will be able to see a project as a whole and break up the work into manageable projects and tasks.   From there, a project management methodology like Kanban facilitates quick, intuitive workflows. This gives everyone involved â€" from junior associates to external stakeholders â€" visibility into who is doing what, and what progress is being made.   Kanban is incredibly flexible and scalable, making it perfect for business consultants who are just as likely to work with small teams as they are entire departments or businesses.   As well as increasing the accessibility of projects, Kanban fosters accountability among individuals, notes the team at Tech Wire Asia. When everything is accessible and shared between team members, responsibility and ownership are shared, too. Silverline Communications CEO Laura Taylor found that using Kanban removed the silos that had formed in her organization and fostered a culture of collaboration. Rather than having two teams with two separate to-do lists, everyone worked from within the same digital environment. The result? Separate team members gained the ability to help others complete assignments, and they did so willingly.   Little by little, that convergence of intuitive design and visual workflows creates efficiencies all across your organization. That’s the theory behind any piece of collaboration software, and real-world results confirm that theory. “Companies that utilize team collaboration applications report having significantly increased group and personal productivity, have faster time to market, and execute projects [faster],” explains Wayne Kurtzman, a research director at IDC. Dedicated Communication Spaces Keep Everyone in the Loop Great communication lies at the heart of every successful consulting project, says Oracle’s Steve Olenski, a veteran in the field of customer success. Consequently, finding tools that enhance collaboration become an essential part of your job as a consultant.   Online cloud collaboration tools have a number of features that promote communication. These typically include feeds that display recent project activity, the ability to comment on specific tasks, the ability to like each other’s actions to encourage one another along, and email notifications that cue everyone in on a project’s progress. These features are then integrated into a dedicated online space in a way that significantly improves communication and teamwork. That’s one reason Bluescape Software’s Shawn Murphy calls cloud tools a democratizer of conversations. All too often in face-to-face meetings, one or two people will dominate the conversation. Collaboration tools, however, provide a space where everyone can add their two cents without being shouted down by more vocal staff.   “Inclusion is a non-negotiable for high performing teams,” Murphy writes. “A homophilous group will struggle to be innovative and to think creatively. No matter the differences, gender, sexual orientation, experiences, backgrounds, or even cognitive diversity, you want collaborative efforts to be fueled by an assemblage of people united by a common purpose.” As Louder.Online co-founder Aaron Agius writes, companies that are successful at promoting collaboration invest time and money into creating these environments. “File-sharing software can help your team access the resources they need to do their jobs as can internal collaboration software,” Agius writes. “But further than that, create spaces both physical and virtual where your team can share their insights, discuss their failures, and give each other constructive feedback.” That same dynamic applies to external communication. A good collaboration tool will help you engage your clients and other external stakeholders. In doing so, you both keep everyone up to speed on how a project is going, and you demonstrate your value as a consultant. Frost Sullivan’s Roopam Jain writes that in a document-heavy business like consulting, keeping clients up-to-date on progress is as important as delivering end results. Permission Controls Keep Individual Team Members Focused It sounds counterintuitive, but an important aspect of collaboration is limiting access or keeping junior team members on a need-to-know basis. Permission control isn’t about secrecy; it’s about creating efficiencies by not accidentally introducing extraneous information that might derail someone’s work. Case in point: Imagine a project calls for one of your mid-level managers to delegate tasks to someone in an entirely different department. This can be tricky to navigate, the team at UK-based MTD Training write. On the one hand, this manager must communicate tasks as clearly and transparently as possible. The manager must also share what the overall vision for the project is.   The key, however, is not to let the recipients of the task get bogged down with details and minutia outside the scope of the tasks at hand. The same holds true for clients, who don’t have time to worry about a consultancies internal operations. The client doesn’t want constant updates, nor does the client want to be forwarded long email threads detailing a question. The client only wants results. With a robust cloud collaboration tool, consultants can limit a client’s exposure to day-to-day workflows.   Ultimately, there’s a little irony embedded in collaboration. The process must be open and transparent to be effective, but delegating tasks and communicating progress to stakeholders requires a little opacity to maintain efficiency. Good collaboration tools will have that balance baked into their design so you will be able to easily share what you need, but also throttle updates so you don’t overwhelm a client with information. Images by: Headway, CoWomen, Christina @ wocintechchat.com

Sunday, May 24, 2020

The Field Of Strategic Human Resource Management - 1243 Words

The New Job In a traditional model of human resources, employees move through employment in a typical progression from hiring to separation or retirement. As we enter the new era of an advanced high-tech environment, the business world is also entering into an era of fierce competition noticed by takeovers and mergers. This illuminates the type of dynamic and complex business environment that companies have to face. The rapid change in the environment reminds us that, for a business to survive, it has to focus on its core competencies and discover in order to keep ahead of the competitors. The field of Strategic Human Resource Management has evolved mainly in accordance to the fact that human resources need to be managed strategically for†¦show more content†¦The marketing department is focusing on the long term interests of the department and the associates are working very hard to help the clients. Therefore department is falling away from the administrative tasks. Job Recommendation As marketing department is falling their office works and the financial tasks, due to those reasons assistant manager discussed with the manager to create new position to do those work done. Therefore, as an assistant manager has to create a position as administrative assistant to establish the administrative works that they falling behind. Specially this department need an administrative assistant with knowledge of account receivables and the account payable and the computer skills for accounting purposes as well as for administrative work to done. This marketing department has a great responsibility because they are supporting other companies for their marketing campaigns. With creating administrative assistant position will help marketing department to build their long tern relationships with the clients while successing the office works of the department. Employee Competencies The successful administrative assistant has a wide variety of skills, characteristics and qualities. To achieve this position duties , administrative assistant has to have Adaptability which is this person can adapt to changing situations and react for them well, because marketing depart is working with different clients majoring

Wednesday, May 13, 2020

Robert Ebert s The Wizard Of Oz - 1361 Words

According to Reel News Daily, on average, there are 57 movies released every month or 684 movies each year. That’s way more movies than the average person watches in a given year. So, how do we decide what movies to go watch and what not to watch? What’s pleasing and what’s appalling? Fortunately, we have critics who watch most of these movies and write reviews to help narrow down what movies to and not to view. One of these critics is Robert Ebert. Robert Ebert is an honorable critic to base judgements off of because he does an exceptional job summarizing the plot, stating his personal opinions, and speaking about the actors/director’s roles in the film. Summarizing the plot of a film without giving away too many details and spoiling the story is one of the most important part about writing a movie review. Robert Elbert has this skill mastered as he did an exceptional job summarizing the movie the wizard of oz. He did it well while still making the audien ce curious enough to go and watch the film. Elbert keeps summaries of specific events very brief and concise, â€Å"†¦The Wizard sends them on a mission to get the Wicked Witch s broom, and it is not insignificant that the key to Dorothy’s return to Kansas is the pair of ruby slippers.† This sentence does an excellent job of summing up what is towards the end of the movie. This section of the film consumes a total of fifteen minutes but Elbert sums it up completely with one sentence. This is a sign of an excellent writer andShow MoreRelatedEssay Cinema of Attraction1656 Words   |  7 Pagesfilms the Great Train Robbery, Nanook of the North and The Wizard of Oz. There are some film qualities that without a doubt would prove to be an attraction to the audience. However, depending on how the individual interprets, this ‘attraction is subjective and thus every audience member may find different techniques in the film to have some form of appeal. The Great Train Robbery was one of the earliest silent films, directed by Edwin S. Porter in 1903. Being historys first film narrative, much

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Frostbite Chapter 9 Free Essays

Nine I DIDN’T SEE DIMITRI FOR a while after that. He’d sent a message later that day saying that he thought we should cancel our next two sessions because of the rapidly approaching plans to leave campus. Classes were about to end anyway, he said; taking a break from practice seemed like the reasonable thing. We will write a custom essay sample on Frostbite Chapter 9 or any similar topic only for you Order Now It was a lame excuse, and I knew that wasn’t the reason he was canceling. If he wanted to avoid me, I would have preferred he made up something about how he and the other guardians had to up Moroi security or practice top-secret ninja moves. Regardless of his story, I knew he was avoiding me because of the kiss. That damned kiss. I didn’t regret it, not exactly. God only knew how much I’d been wanting to kiss him. But I’d done it for the wrong reasons. I’d done it because I was upset and frustrated and had simply wanted to prove that I could. I was so tired of doing the right thing, the smart thing. I was trying to be more in control lately, but I seemed to be slipping. I hadn’t forgotten the warning that he’d once given me- that us being together wasn’t just about age. It would interfere with our jobs. Pushing him into the kiss†¦well, I’d fanned the flames of a problem that could eventually hurt Lissa. I shouldn’t have done it. Yesterday, I’d been unable to stop myself. Today I could see more clearly and couldn’t believe what I’d done. Mason met me on Christmas morning, and we went to go hang out with the others. It provided a good opportunity to push Dimitri out of my head. I liked Mason- a lot. And it wasn’t like I had to run off and marry him. Like Lissa had said, it would be healthy for me to just date someone again. Tasha was hosting our Christmas brunch in an elegant parlor in the Academy’s guest quarters. Lots of group activities and parties were occurring throughout the school, but I’d quickly noticed that Tasha’s presence always created a disturbance. People either secretly stared or went out of their way to avoid her. Sometimes she would challenge them. Sometimes she would just lie low. Today, she’d chosen to stay out of the other royals’ way and simply enjoy this small, private party of those who didn’t shun her. Dimitri had been invited to the gathering, and a bit of my resolve faltered when I saw him. He’d actually dressed up for the occasion. Okay, â€Å"dressed up† might have been an exaggeration, but it was the closest I’d ever seen him come to that. Usually he just looked a little rough†¦like he could spring into battle at any given moment. Today, his dark hair was tied at the back of his neck, as though he’d actually tried to make it neat. He wore his usual jeans and leather boots, but instead of a T-shirt or thermal shirt, he had on a finely knit black sweater. It was just an ordinary sweater, nothing designer or expensive, but it added a touch of polish I didn’t usually see, and good God, did it fit him well. Dimitri wasn’t mean to me or anything, but he certainly didn’t go out of his way to make conversation with me. He did talk to Tasha, however, and I watched with fascination as they conversed in that easy way of theirs. I’d since learned that a good friend of his was a distant cousin of Tasha’s family; that was how the two of them knew each other. â€Å"Five?† asked Dimitri in surprise. They were discussing the friend’s children. â€Å"I hadn’t heard that.† Tasha nodded. â€Å"It’s insane. I swear, I don’t think his wife’s had more than six months off between kids. She’s short, too- so she just gets wider and wider.† â€Å"When I first met him, he swore he didn’t even want kids.† Her eyes widened excitedly. â€Å"I know! I can’t believe it. You should see him now. He just melts around them. I can’t even understand him half the time. I swear, he speaks more baby talk than English.† Dimitri smiled his rare smile. â€Å"Well†¦children do that to people.† â€Å"I can’t imagine it happening to you,† she laughed. â€Å"You’re always so stoic. Of course †¦ I suppose you’d be doing baby talk in Russian, so no one would ever know.† They both laughed at that, and I turned away, grateful Mason was there to talk to. He was a good distraction from everything, because in addition to Dimitri ignoring me, Lissa and Christian were chatting on in their own little world too. Sex appeared to have made them that much more in love, and I wondered if I’d get to spend any time with her at all on the ski trip. She did eventually break away from him to give me my Christmas present. I opened the box and stared inside. I saw a string of maroon-colored beads, and the scent of roses floated out. â€Å"What the †¦Ã¢â‚¬  I lifted the beads out, and a heavy gold crucifix swung from the end of them. She’d given me a chotki. It was similar to a rosary, only smaller. Bracelet-size. â€Å"Are you trying to convert me?† I asked wryly. Lissa wasn’t a religious nut or anything, but she believed in God and attended church regularly. Like many Moroi families who’d come from Russia and Eastern Europe, she was an Orthodox Christian. Me? I was pretty much an Orthodox Agnostic. I figured God probably existed, but I didn’t have the time or energy to investigate. Lissa respected that and never tried to push her faith on me, which made the gift that much weirder. â€Å"Flip it over,† she said, clearly amused at my shock. I did. On the back of the cross, a dragon wreathed in flowers had been carved into the gold. The Dragomir crest. I looked up at her, puzzled. â€Å"It’s a family heirloom,† she said. â€Å"One of my dad’s good friends has been saving boxes of his stuff. This was in it. It belonged to my great-grandmother’s guardian.† â€Å"Liss †¦Ã¢â‚¬  I said. The chotki took on a whole new meaning. â€Å"I can’t†¦ you can’t give me something like this.† â€Å"Well, I certainly can’t keep it. It’s meant for a guardian. My guardian.† I wound the beads around one wrist. The cross felt cool against my skin. â€Å"You know,† I teased, â€Å"there’s a good possibility I’ll get kicked out of school before I can become your guardian.† She grinned. â€Å"Well, then you can give it back.† Everyone laughed. Tasha started to say something, then stopped when she looked up at the door. â€Å"Janine!† My mother stood there, looking as stiff and impassive as ever. â€Å"Sorry I’m late,† she said. â€Å"I had business to take care of.† Business. As always. Even on Christmas. I felt my stomach turn and heat rise to my cheeks as the details of our fight came rushing back to my mind. She’d never sent one word of communication since it had happened two days ago, not even when I was in the infirmary. No apologies. Nothing. I gritted my teeth. She sat down with us and soon joined in the conversation. I’d long since discovered she could really only talk about one subject: guardian business. I wondered if she had any hobbies. The Badica attack was on everyone’s mind, and this drove her into a conversation about some similar fight she’d been in. To my horror, Mason was riveted by her every word. â€Å"Well, decapitations aren’t as easy as they seem,† she said in her matter-of-fact way. I’d never thought they were easy at all, but her tone suggested that she believed everyone thought they were cake. â€Å"You’ve got to get through the spinal cord and tendons.† Through the bond, I felt Lissa grow queasy. She wasn’t one for gruesome talk. Mason’s eyes lit up. â€Å"What’s the best weapon to do it with?† My mother considered. â€Å"An axe. You can get more weight behind it.† She made a swinging motion by way of illustration. â€Å"Cool,† he said. â€Å"Man, I hope they let me carry an axe.† It was a comical and ludicrous idea, since axes were hardly convenient weapons to carry around. For half a second, the thought of Mason walking down the street with an axe over his shoulder lightened my mood a little. The moment quickly passed. I honestly couldn’t believe we were having this conversation on Christmas. Her presence had soured everything. Fortunately, the gathering eventually dispersed. Christian and Lissa went off to do their own thing, and Dimitri and Tasha apparently had more catching up to do. Mason and I were well on our way to the dhampir dorm when my mother joined us. None of us said anything. Stars cluttered the black sky, sharp and bright, their glitter matched in the ice and snow around us. I wore my ivory parka with fake fur trimming. It did a good job keeping my body warm, even though it did nothing against the chilly gusts that seared my face. The whole time we walked, I kept expecting my mother to turn off toward the other guardian areas, but she came right inside the dorm with us. â€Å"I’ve been wanting to talk to you,† she finally said. My alarms clicked on. What had I done now? That was all she said, but Mason picked up on the hint immediately. He was neither stupid nor oblivious to social cues, though at that moment, I kind of wished he was. I also found it ironic that he wanted to fight every Strigoi in the world but was afraid of my mother. He glanced at me apologetically, shrugged, and said, â€Å"Hey, I’ve got to get, um, somewhere. I’ll see you later.† I watched with regret as he left, wishing I could run after him. Probably my mom would only tackle me and punch my other eye if I tried to escape. Better to do things her way and get this over with. Shifting uncomfortably, I looked everywhere but at her and waited for her to speak. Out of the corner of my eye, I noticed a few people glancing over at us. Recalling how everyone in the world seemed to know about her giving me the black eye, I suddenly decided I didn’t want witnesses around for whatever lecture she was about to unleash on me. â€Å"You want to, um, go to my room?† I asked. She looked surprised, almost uncertain. â€Å"Sure.† I led her upstairs, keeping a safe distance away as we walked. Awkward tension built between us. She didn’t say anything when we reached my room, but I saw her examine every detail carefully, as though a Strigoi might be lurking in there. I sat on the bed and waited while she paced, unsure what I should do. She ran her fingers over a stack of books on animal behavior and evolution. â€Å"Are these for a report?† she asked. â€Å"No. I’m just interested in it, that’s all.† Her eyebrows rose. She hadn’t known that. But how would she? She didn’t know anything about me. She continued her appraisal, stopping to study little things that apparently surprised her about me. A picture of Lissa and me dressed up like fairies for Halloween. A bag of SweeTarts. It was as though my mother were meeting me for the first time. Abruptly, she turned and extended her hand toward me. â€Å"Here.† Startled, I leaned forward and held my palm out underneath hers. Something small and cool dropped into my hand. It was a round pendant, a small one- not much bigger than a dime in diameter. A base of silver held a flat disc of colored glass circles. Frowning, I ran my thumb over its surface. It was strange, but the circles almost made it look like an eye. The inner one was small, just like a pupil. It was so dark blue that it looked black. Surrounding it was a larger circle of pale blue, which was in turn surrounded by a circle of white. A very, very thin ring of that dark blue color circled the outside. â€Å"Thanks,† I said. I hadn’t expected anything from her. The gift was weird- why the hell would she give me an eye?- but it was a gift. â€Å"I†¦ I didn’t get you anything.† My mom nodded, face blank and unconcerned once more. â€Å"It’s fine. I don’t need anything.† She turned away again and started walking around the room. She didn’t have a lot of space to do it, but her shorter height gave her a smaller stride. Each time she passed in front of the window over my bed, the light would catch her auburn hair and light it up. I watched her curiously and realized she was as nervous as me. She halted in her pacing and glanced back toward me. â€Å"How’s your eye?† â€Å"Getting better.† â€Å"Good.† She opened her mouth, and I had a feeling she was on the verge of apologizing. But she didn’t. When she started pacing again, I decided I couldn’t stand the inactivity. I began putting my presents away. I’d gotten a pretty nice haul of stuff this morning. One of them was a silk dress from Tasha, red and embroidered with flowers. My mother watched me hang it in the room’s tiny closet. â€Å"That was very nice of Tasha.† â€Å"Yeah,† I agreed. â€Å"I didn’t know she was going to get me anything. I really like her.† â€Å"Me too.† I turned from the closet in surprise and stared at my mom. Her astonishment mirrored mine. If I hadn’t known any better, I’d have said we’d just agreed on something. Maybe Christmas miracles did happen. â€Å"Guardian Belikov will be a good match for her.† â€Å"I- † I blinked, not entirely sure what she was talking about. â€Å"Dimitri?† â€Å"Guardian Belikov,† she corrected sternly, still not approving of my casual way of addressing him. â€Å"What†¦ what kind of match?† I asked. She raised an eyebrow. â€Å"You haven’t heard? She’s asked him to be her guardian- since she doesn’t have one.† I felt like I’d been punched again. â€Å"But he’s†¦assigned here. And to Lissa.† â€Å"Arrangements can be made. And regardless of the Ozera reputation†¦she’s still royal. If she pushes, she can get her way.† I stared bleakly into space. â€Å"Well, I guess they are friends and everything.† â€Å"More than that- or possibly could be.† Bam! Punched again. â€Å"What?† â€Å"Hmm? Oh. She’s†¦interested in him.† By my mother’s tone, it was clear that romantic matters actually held no interest for her. â€Å"She’s willing to have dhampir children, so it’s possible they might eventually make an, um, arrangement if he were her guardian.† Oh. My. God. Time froze. My heart stopped beating. I realized my mother was waiting for a response. She was leaning against my desk, watching me. She might be able to hunt down Strigoi, but she was oblivious to my feelings. â€Å"Is †¦ is he going to do it? Be her guardian?† I asked weakly. My mom shrugged. â€Å"I don’t think he’s agreed to it yet, but of course he will. It’s a great opportunity.† â€Å"Of course,† I echoed. Why would Dimitri turn down the chance to be a guardian to a friend of his and to have a baby? I think my mom said something else after that, but I didn’t hear it. I didn’t hear anything. I kept thinking about Dimitri leaving the Academy, leaving me. I thought about the way he and Tasha had gotten along with each other so well. And then, after those recollections, my imagination started improvising future scenarios. Tasha and Dimitri together. Touching. Kissing. Naked. Other things †¦ I squeezed my eyes shut for half a second and then opened them. â€Å"I’m really tired.† My mom stopped mid-sentence. I had no idea what she’d been saying before I interrupted her. â€Å"I’m really tired,† I repeated. I could hear the hollowness in my own voice. Empty. No emotion. â€Å"Thanks for the eye†¦um, thing, but if you don’t mind †¦Ã¢â‚¬  My mother stared at me in surprise, her features open and confused. Then, just like that, her usual wall of cool professionalism slammed back into place. Until that moment, I hadn’t realized how much she’d let it up. But she had. For just a brief time, she’d made herself vulnerable with me. That vulnerability was now gone. â€Å"Of course,† she said stiffly. â€Å"I don’t want to bother you.† I wanted to tell her it wasn’t that. I wanted to tell her I wasn’t kicking her out for any personal reason. And I wanted to tell her that I wished she were the kind of loving, understanding mother you always hear about, one I could confide in. Maybe even a mother I could discuss my troubled love life with. God. I wished I could tell anyone about that, actually. Especially right now. But I was too caught up in my own personal drama to say a word. I felt like someone had ripped my heart out and tossed it across the other side of the room. There was a burning, agonizing pain in my chest, and I had no idea how it could ever be filled. It was one thing to accept that I couldn’t have Dimitri. It was something entirely different to realize someone else could. I didn’t say anything else to her because my speech capabilities no longer existed. Fury glinted in her eyes, and her lips flattened out into that tight expression of displeasure she so often wore. Without another word, she turned around and left, slamming the door behind her. That door slam was something I would have done too, actually. I guess we really did share some genes. But I forgot about her almost immediately. I just kept sitting there and thinking. Thinking and imagining. I spent the rest of the day doing little more than that. I skipped dinner. I shed a few tears. But mostly, I just sat on my bed thinking and growing more and more depressed. I also discovered that the only thing worse than imagining Dimitri and Tasha together was remembering when he and I had been together. He would never touch me again like that, never kiss me again†¦ This was the worst Christmas ever. How to cite Frostbite Chapter 9, Essay examples

Monday, May 4, 2020

Indian Airline Industry free essay sample

Forecasts by AAI for the next 5 years have projected a sustainable growth rate of 16% for international and 20% for domestic aviation sector. Recognizing the exponential growth of air traffic in India, the Ministry of Civil Aviation has been following a very liberal policy in the exchange of capacity entitlements / traffic rights. Domestic airlines have been allowed to fly overseas, forge partnerships with foreign carriers while foreign carriers in turn have been interlining with domestic airlines to access secondary destinations. The government has also tried to ensure an environment conducive for growth of all stakeholders associated with Indian aviation segment. With the rise in the number of airlines, growing passenger segment and route expansion, there is however a need for Indian airports to have their infrastructure in place, which unfortunately at present is the weakest link in the chain. Greenfield and modernization projects are being developed on PPP model to develop facilities conforming to international standards and to encourage the domestic operators to shift base, so as to decongest major airports. We will write a custom essay sample on Indian Airline Industry or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page To monitor the quality of services rendered by various airports and their tariff, an independent regulator, Airport Economic Regulatory Authority (AERA), is proposed to be appointed. To ensure competitive practices in ground handling services, the government has proposed adoption of a new ground handling policy from January 2009. Global and domestic aircraft manufacturers are upbeat on the aircraft demands from India. Non scheduled services have also steadily picked up and are growing at a CAGR of 19% primarily driven by a sustained growth in the economy and facilitated by the need of Indian corporate captains to invest in more productive hours every day. In addition, total cargo traffic of all airports has increased from 10% during 2006-07 to 14% in 2007-08, recording a CAGR of 13% for last six years. With the growth in the passenger and aircraft traffic in India, there has also been a significant focus on requirement of maintenance, repair and overhaul (MRO) facilities. The Indian MRO market is growing at about 15% annually. However, on the manpower front, currently there is a shortage of qualified pilots and other technical staff including Aircraft Maintenance Engineers and Air Traffic Controllers. While there are a lot of new avenues in aerospace services in the coming decades, the constraints associated need to be addressed to enable the smooth growth of the sector. Some of the issues faced by the sector include mounting losses of the airlines, rising aviation fuel prices, congestion at airports, shortage of qualified pilots and technical manpower, upgradation of security, land acquisition, high taxation, high airport charges etc. There is a need to study the causes of the issues and address the same thereby paving an unobstructed growth path for the various opportunities. The need of the hour is to efficiently utilize the existing resources and at the same time commission the planned infrastructure in a timely manner. In addition, a collaborative effort must be initiated involving all the stakeholders concerned to chalk out a framework detailing the measures, the Indian aviation sector needs to pursue in the next five to ten years. This framework would act as a platform to scale new heights and make India one of the leaders in the global aviation industry. The framework would require prioritization of various issues on the basis of importance (high, normal or low). This would ensure a focused approach to understand the root cause of the issue and to address the same by taking necessary remedial actions. The framework would also emphasize on the time lines for leveraging the opportunities abound in the sector. INDIAN AVIATION India is one of the fastest growing economies of the world with an average GDP growth of over 8. percent in last five years. For India to sustain its economic growth story it has to strengthen its infrastructure sector and in particular, critically improve its transportation infrastructure. Aviation is an important part of national infrastructure and one of the prime movers for economic growth and an important strategic element of employment generation. Aviation sector in India has been tra nsformed from an over regulated and under managed sector to a more open, liberal and investment friendly sector since 2004. The international passenger growth has been growing at CAGR of over 14% and domestic growth has been an impressive 22% for last 6 years. Cargo growth India already has an open sky policy for air cargo. An air cargo hub is being developed at Nagpur by the Ministry of Civil Aviation. The ministry also has plans to build dedicated cargo airports across the country to cater to increasing demand in air cargo traffic. During the year 2007-08, the domestic cargo traffic grew by 11% while the international cargo traffic grew by 15%. The domestic cargo is expected to increase at a CAGR of 13% during the period 2007-2010 while the international cargo is expected to grow at a CAGR of 14% over the same period. At present India contributes over 1% of the world air cargo traffic. Growth drivers The factors contributing to the air traffic growth can be broadly classified into economic and policy factors. Entry of low cost carriers, higher house hold incomes, strong economic growth, increased FDI inflows, surging tourist inflow, increased cargo movement, strong business growth and supporting government policies are the major drivers for the growth of aviation sector in India. For growth drivers refer the table below: Table 2: Growth drivers Economic Factor| Policy Factor| †¢ Liberalization and economic reforms undertaken by the government†¢ Fast expansion of industries in consonance with economic reforms†¢ Emergence of service sector†¢ Average GDP growth of around 8. 9% during the last 5 years†¢ Increase in inbound and outbound tourists and medical tourism†¢ Over 300 million strong middle class†¢ Disposable incomes expected to increase at an average of 8. 5%p. a. ill 2015†¢ Emergence of low cost airlines†¢ The organized retail boom that would require the need for timelydelivery thus contributing to the growth in the air cargo segment†¢ Corporate showing increasing preference for private jets and aircharter services| †¢ Modernization and setting up new airports across country†¢ City side development of non metro airports†¢ Providing international airport status to major tier I and tier II cit ies†¢ Open sky policy†¢ Policy of license to new scheduled operators†¢ Permission to acquire new aircrafts†¢ Permission of private operators to perate on international sectors†¢ Encouraging private investments in airlines and airport infrastructure†¢ Facilitative foreign direct investment norms†¢ Liberal bilateral service agreements†¢ Emphasis on development through PPP mode| Source: (Commision, 2007-12) Bilateral Agreements India has so far entered into Air Services Agreements with around 101 countries. A bilateral Air Transport Agreement (also sometimes called a bilateral Air Service Agreement) is an agreement which two nations sign to allow civil aviation between their territories. Air Services Agreement provides the basic legal framework for operation of air services between India and the country concerned. The number of flights/ seats per week to be operated by the designated airlines of India and the contracting foreign country are decided by Government level bilateral talks, which are held at regular interval depending upon growth of traffic based on the principle of mutual benefit and reciprocity.

Saturday, March 28, 2020

A Dolls House Study Guide Essay Example

A Dolls House Study Guide Paper The fact that Nora pays the porter twice shows Norms wasteful habit, foresee downing that this might lead to problems in the future. 2. It also shows that Nora is obedient to Heeler in front of him,but it also show s another side Norms character as she continues to get what she wants behind his back. 3. Helmets pet names for Nora were: little lark, little squirrel, little spends whirr, and little feathered. These names show Nora as little in the eyes of Heeler giving her quality sees of animal. 4. Heeler shows to be a person who prefers to save money and avoid fro spending his money recklessly, He also believes in a life of no debt and no borrowing. Nora believe sees that money is for spending. Such a nature that she has inherited from her father. She also think S that she is allowed to spend more money now that Heeler is getting a job promotion, and getting g a bigger salary sum. 5. How does this set up a framework for future action? This starts to make this the plot. We already know that Nora likes to spend m none too much, and cant save anything. We will write a custom essay sample on A Dolls House Study Guide specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on A Dolls House Study Guide specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on A Dolls House Study Guide specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Hemmer is a man that doesnt like to borrow MO nee, This is what think is going to be the problem and whats going to be the problem in t e play. 6. What does Norms flirtatious behavior suggest about her relationship with Hell Nora and Heeler have a stable relationship, and they also sometimes have a serious and true relationship. Heeler also cares and criticizes her habit of spending none y too much. 7. What literary element is used when Heeler refers to Norms father, and what does Heeler say about the father? Heeler uses a simile to compare Norms money spending problem habits to h re dad. He consider Nora to be an odd little soul who always finds some new way of get ting money out of him. Heeler also says that once she has money it seems to melt in her hands similar to her father. 8. What does the reader learn when Heeler raises the subject of sweets, saying Hasnt Miss Sweetshop been breaking rules in town today? Heeler has actually prohibited Nora from eating sweetmeats, as he believes t hat it will ruin her teeth. Furthermore, she lies to him as she denies having to have taken a b tie or two on a macaroon. 9. When the family was short Of money, what did Nora do so they could all Caleb rate Christmas? What does this symbolize, and what does it suggest about her chaw acted? Nora sat in a room for a full three weeks beforehand, evening until long after midnight so that she could make ornaments for their Christmas tree. Norms doesnt want the family to lose out on anything due to money problems, and will do anything to everyone e can have a good time. 10. What does the reader infer about the Heeler family choice to have servants even when they are in tight economic circumstances? Given their circumstances, the fact that the Heeler family still chooses to have e servants can mean wealth, class and luxury, and could also say the heeler family likes to live a comfortable life. 11. When the doorbell rings, why does Heeler say, If it is a caller, remember that I am not at home? He believes most of his visitors arrive for requests about their financial dispose Zion and especially since he has recently been appointed at a high post in the bank, 12. How is Norms clandestineness illustrated in her initial conversation with Mrs.. Lined? He shares the perfect stories in order to maintain reputation and class in socio TTY. 13. More exposition occurs when Nora discusses Helmets early career with Mrs.. Lined. What does the reader learn about Helmets career? He used to be a barrister but will start to work at a bank in the New Year. Did not get much work as uncertain thing but he will start to receive more money as he assume s the job at the bank 14. What behavioral problem does Mrs.. Lined chide Nora about? Mrs.. Lined chides Nora for her money spending problems. 15. What does Nora reveal about how she and Heeler have managed financially? How did they raise the money needed to go to Italy for his health? What is significant about her comments? Nora says that both of them worked. Heeler was a lawyer, however since he didnt earn enough money at his office, so he chose to leave, when Nora and he got Mari De. Heeler overworked himself in order to provide for the family and fell critically ill. Nor a says she got money from her dad before he died to travel to Italy. 16. What does Mrs.. Lined admit about her marriage? She admits that she married her suburban for the money and there was no I eve in their relationship. 7. Why has Mrs.. Lined come to Norms house? Mrs.. Lined went to Norms house in search of help from her husband in either finding a job. 18. Mrs.. Lined says to Nora, . You know so little of the burdens and troubles of life. What literary devices are used here? Mrs.. Lined uses exaggeration to make her point about Norms experience of the e true world and reality. 19. What is Mrs.. Lindens initial reaction as Nor a begins to reveal the source of the 250 pounds? What does this conversation reveal about the status of women? Mrs.. Lined is baffled when Nora starts to reveal the source of the 250 pounds and begins to wonder where she got it from if it wasnt from her father. Mrs.. Lined states that t a wife cannot borrow without her husbands consent, which says that women hold a lower status in society than their husband or any man 20. Nora gives Mrs.. Lined a summary of the source of the funds. In terms of the wellhead play, why is this important? This is relative as a Wellhead play/ usually contains a strong and climatic bull UDP based on the suspense between characters through secrets and misunderstanding. Hen Nora reveals the truth of the money to Mrs.. Lined. It triggers the climatic and turning g point events. 21. How has Nora managed her own finances to address her debts? Nora has saved a bit up, she has also saved up by buying the simplest and chi pests stuff and saving the rest to pay her interests and installment payment. 22. Why has Norms work copying documents been so important? Copying documents ha s been very important for Nora, as she follows this job as her way for income and money last Christmas in order to pay off debts, 23. What dangers exist in Norms employment? Here are several tasks to perform in her employment so she loses track of the e money she has paid back,the remainder she owes continues to increase due to quarterly interests. 24. At this point in the play, where is the power allocated among Heeler, Nora, a ND Mrs.. Lined? At this moment in time, most of the power is allocated between Heeler and Mrs.. Lined in imprison to Nora. Heeler, because he is unaware of a Norms secret, which could destroy their family simply because of Helmets high moral values, hence why Nora has kept the borrowing of the money a secret in fear of the consequences. Mrs.. Lie need also has a fair share of power as she is let in on Norms secret and can use this to harm the Heeler family or blackmail Nora into getting her a job at Tortillas bank. After borrow Eng without her husbands consent, lying to her husband and getting a job to pay off the prove us debts, Nora seems to be quite powerless and subdued by the fear of Heeler and his reaction to re past actions which she is afraid might have dire consequences. 25. Who is Sarasota? Sarasota is a lawyer who suffers from great disrepute due to his past. He is CLC closely related to the Heeler family as Nora had previously borrowed money from him in or deer to pay for her husbands treatments and the family trip to the south. He is currently w irking at a very low post at the bank, which Dorval is due to join and feels threatened due to the arrival of Mrs.. Lined. He blackmails about revealing her secrets if she refuses to help hi m retain his position at the bank. For a first interaction with the audience, Sarasota pea s to be off very menacing and sinister character, which could possibly be a threat to the Heeler family. 6. What else could Sarasota possibly come to the Heeler home to discuss? Sarasota keeping in mind that he is aware of Norms dark secret, could have c mom to the Heeler home to discuss a raise or a promotion at the bank, which if he doses t attain with Tortillas help, he will force Nora to manipulate her husband. He says he has come to discuss bank business but he could use Dorval to help gain back his reputed ion in society. 27. What does the reader learn when Nora and Mrs.. Lined discuss Sarasota? The reader learns that Sarasota was once a solicitors clerk in Mrs.. Lindens to win, through which she has heard of him. We also learn that Sarasota had a very unhappy marriage and is now a widower and single parent. A sense of vagueness is noted when Mrs.. Lined say he carries on various kinds of business, but doesnt give detail about this. The is implies that he leads a private and a possibly immoral life and indulges in fraudulent buss news. 28. What is revealed in the conversation between Dry. Rank and Mrs.. Lined? It is revealed that in society in the earlier days, women were expected to be y nouns and vilely and not work. Dry. Rank taunts Mrs.. Lined of having some slight internal weakness when she states she cant manage stairs well. Furthermore he shows disbelief fee when she explains she hasnt come to town to amuse herself with entertainments, b UT in fact to kick for work. 29. What can the reader infer from Norms question as to whether all the people who are employed in the Bank are now dependent on Dorval? The nature of Norms question shows that she likes when Dorval has power a ND has people depend on him. Her overjoyed reaction to the Doctors answer shows that SSH e wants this to e the case as Ton,lad had previously said that living with debt means you are dependent on someone and your life is not your own, and with having people dependent on Dorval, it shows that he IS in power. This could also introduce her situation with the per son she previously borrowed money from to take the trip to the south. This also intro educes the theme of power as it is constantly iterated that power is greatly appreciated I n their society, and Nora believes that this could be a good thing for her family after their tribe ululations. 30. What is important about Norms offer of macaroons to Dry. Rank? Norms offer of macaroons to Dry. Rank show that she either shares a good real actions IP with him that she is allowing her secret of purchasing macaroons to be revealed. O r secondly, she is in a mood to celebrate news and hence does so. She provides Dry. Rank with something sweet to distract him, even though she knows that she is behaving irresponsibly and sharing forbidden sweetmeats with Dry. Rank. 31. How does Nora manage the conversation when she asks her husband to give Mrs.. Linden job? Nora approaches the subject very carefully and emphasizes the fact that Mrs.. Lined has taken a long journey in order to see Dorval. After this she uses persuasive la engage and praises Heeler in order manipulate and convince him into giving Mrs.. Lined a job. She praises both of them by saying, Christine is tremendously clever at bookkeeper inning as well emphasizing the fact that she is anxious to work under some clever man. The techniques helped to convince Dorval into considering helping Mrs.. Lined. 32. Why is Norms management of the conversation significant? Norms management of this conversation was significant as it depicts her pop re and influence over Dorval. Through this, the audience sees her ability to manipulate ate Dorval: his could also be a foreshadowing of another incident where she may be for cede to manipulate Dorval in order to keep her family in accord. This also shows that Dorval loves Nora a lot, as he allows her to direct his decisions in a society where women a re generally considered inferior and disallowed from making decisions or conducting the m generally. This also shows that Nora has been able to maintain Tortillas trust and Balkan CE a healthy relationship. 33. Why does Ibsen insert a scene of Nora romping with her children? The insertion of the scene of Nora romping with her children depicts Nora as young and lawful character who cares about her children very much. Her children adore her and this portrays her as a motherly figure that is dollied by her children. This support s the fact that she cares about her family as she has kept the debts a secret and is paying the me off individually in order to avoid any further strain to her husband. The placemen t of this scene also helps to lighten the mood of the play and comes across as a calm before the storm, as after this it is revealed to us that Nora is indebted to Sarasota. 4. What is Crossroads relationship with Nora? Sarasota is Norms moneylender and provides her money for the family to tar el to Italy in order to provide Dorval with the required treatment to save his life. Nora lied to Sarasota and forged her fathers signature on the official documents, which is later disc overfed by Dorval, who uses this secret to better his position at the bank wit h Norms hell p. He uses this crime to blackmail her into convincing Dorval to help him gain his repute Zion in society. 35. What is ironic about the following conversation? Nora : When anyone is in a subordinate position, Mr.. Sarasota, they should really b e careful to avoid offending anyone who-?who-? Sarasota : Who has influence? This conversation appears to be very ironic as Nora implies that Sarasota is in the subordinate position when dealing with bank matters with Dorval, hence she demands respect and warns him to be careful not to offend anyone, in this case herself, if he is expecting any changes with his situation at the bank and hoping to receive he Ip from Dorval. This is contradictory, as it has just been revealed that Sarasota know s that Nora forged her fathers signature on the loan documents, which gives Sarasota the e apprehend and the position to blackmail Nora who is seen as the subordinate in that mat term. Sarasota can use this to get Nora in trouble and hence, Nora should be really careful n tot to offend Sarasota since he has the evidence and influence to destroy her life. 36. What is discordant about Crossroads request that Nora influence Heeler in the e matter of Crossroads job? 37. Why does Sarasota think he is being fired? Sarasota believes that he will be fired as he saw Mrs.. Lined walk with Dorval and thinks that he is going to get her a job at the bank in order to replace Sarasota. Grog stand has a mindset that Dorval has the ability to influence decisions at the bank, cousin erring he will be asking up the post of the bank manager. Furthermore, this fear arises from the e thought that Dorval and him do not share the best working relations; hence his job at the bank is at risk. 38. In another example of exposition, what does Sarasota reveal about himself? Sarasota reveals to Mrs.. Heeler that he too on one incident, had committed a fraudulent act which was nothing more or nothing worse than what she had done. He also reveals that this indiscretion, what he considers himself guilty of was one false step, which h lost him all his reputation. Hence, in order to gain back his reputation, he is willing to go extents in order to secure his position at the bank and regain his reputation in society. 39. What does Sarasota mean when he says, l have the means to compel you? Sarasota tries to insinuate that due to Norms forgery of the signature and the fraud, which she committed when attempting to borrow the money, he has the power to manipulate her and force her to do things that she may disagree to. Furthermore, since Torts Id doesnt know that Nora approached Sarasota to borrow money for their trip, he cool d tell him causing disrepute to Nora. This example is seen when he tries to get Nora to c involve Dorval to secure his position at the bank, otherwise he threatens to reveal he r wallet secret. Through these means, Sarasota is going to compel Nora into doing HTH nags for his benefit, even if she disagrees to, as he currently has vital information that has the power to destroy her family and ruin her life and reputation in the society. 40. What is Norms reaction? Nora begins to panic and is afraid that if she doesnt comply with Crossroads w ashes, he will reveal her secret to Dorval.

Saturday, March 7, 2020

Effects of Wolf Predation

Effects of Wolf Predation Effects of Wolf PredationAbstract: This paper discusses four hypotheses to explain the effectsof wolf predation on prey populations of large ungulates. The fourproposed hypotheses examined are the predation limiting hypothesis,the predation regulating hypothesis, the predator pit hypothesis, andthe stable limit cycle hypothesis. There is much research literaturethat discusses how these hypotheses can be used to interpret variousdata sets obtained from field studies. It was concluded that thepredation limiting hypothesis fit most study cases, but that moreresearch is necessary to account for multiple predator - multiple preyrelationships.The effects of predation can have an enormous impact on theecological organization and structure of communities. The processes ofpredation affect virtually every species to some degree or another.Predation can be defined as when members of one species eat (and/orkill) those of another species. The specific type of predation betweenwolves and large ung ulates involves carnivores preying on herbivores.English: A camouflaged Menemerus sp Jumping spider...Predation can have many possible effects on the interrelations ofpopulations. To draw any correlations between the effects of thesepredator-prey interactions requires studies of a long duration, andstatistical analysis of large data sets representative of thepopulations as a whole. Predation could limit the prey distributionand decrease abundance. Such limitation may be desirable in the caseof pest species, or undesirable to some individuals as with gameanimals or endangered species. Predation may also act as a majorselective force. The effects of predator prey coevolution can explainmany evolutionary adaptations in both predator and prey species.The effects of wolf predation on species of large ungulates haveproven to be controversial and elusive. There have been many differentmodels proposed to describe the processes operating on populationsinfluenced by wolf predation. Some of th e proposed mechanisms includethe predation limiting hypothesis, the predation regulatinghypothesis, the predator pit hypothesis, and the stable limit cyclehypothesis (Boutin 1992). The purpose of this paper is to assess theempirical data on population dynamics and attempt to determine if oneof the four hypotheses is a better model of the effects of wolfpredation on ungulate population densities.The predation limiting hypothesis proposes that predation is theprimary factor that limits prey density. In this non- equilibriummodel recurrent fluctuations occur in the prey population. Thisimplies that the prey population does not return to some particularequilibrium after deviation. The predation limiting hypothesisinvolves a density independent mechanism. The mechanism might apply toone prey - one predator systems (Boutin 1992). This hypothesispredicts that losses of prey due to predation will be large enough tohalt prey population increase.Many studies support the hypothesis that predat ion limits preydensity. Bergerud et al. (1983) concluded from their study of theinterrelations of wolves and moose in the Pukaskwa National Park thatwolf predation limited, and may have caused a decline in, the moosepopulation, and that if wolves were eliminated, the moose populationwould increase until limited by some other regulatory factor, such asfood availability. However, they go on to point out that this upperlimit will not be sustainable, but will eventually lead to resourcedepletion and population decline. Seip (1992) found that high wolfpredation on caribou in the Quesnel Lake area resulted in a decline inthe population, while low wolf predation in the Wells Gray ProvincialPark resulted in a slowly increasing population. Wolf predation at theQuesnel Lake area remained high despite a fifty percent decline in thecaribou population, indicating that mortality due to predation was notdensity-dependent within this range of population densities. Dale etal. (1994), in their study of wolves and caribou in Gates NationalPark and Preserve, showed that wolf predation can be an importantlimiting factor at low caribou population densities, and may have ananti-regulatory effect. They also state that wolf predation may affectthe distribution and abundance of caribou populations. Bergerud andBallard (1988), in their interpretation of the Nelchina caribou herdcase history, said that during and immediately following a reductionin the wolf population, calf recruitment increased, which shouldresult in a future caribou population increase. Gasaway et al. (1983)also indicated that wolf predation can sufficiently increase the rateof mortality in a prey population to prevent the population'sincrease. Even though there has been much support of this hypothesis,Boutin (1992) suggests that "there is little doubt that predation is alimiting factor, but in cases where its magnitude has been measured,it is no greater than other factors such as hunting."A second hypothesis about the effects of wolf predation is thepredation regulating hypothesis, which proposes that predationregulates prey densities around a low-density equilibrium. Thishypothesis fits an equilibrium model, and assumes that followingdeviation, prey populations return to their pre-existing equilibriumlevels. This predator regulating hypothesis proposes that predation isa density-dependent mechanism affecting low to intermediate preydensities, and a density-independent mechanism at high prey densities.Some research supports predation as a regulating mechanism.Messier (1985), in a study of moose near Quebec, Canada, draws theconclusion that wolf-ungulate systems, if regulated naturally,stabilize at low prey and low predator population densities. InMessier's (1994) later analysis, based on twenty-seven studies wheremoose were the dominant prey species of wolves, he determined thatwolf predation can be density-dependent at the lower range of moosedensities. This result demonstrates that predation i s capable ofregulating ungulate populations. Even so, according to Boutin (1992)more studies are necessary, particularly at high moose densities, todetermine if predation is regulatory.A third proposal to model the effects of wolf predation on preypopulations is the predator pit hypothesis. This hypothesis is amultiple equilibria model. It proposes that predation regulates preydensities around a low-density equilibrium. The prey population canthen escape this regulation once prey densities pass a certainthreshold. Once this takes place, the population reaches an upperequilibrium. At this upper equilibrium, the prey population densitiesare regulated by competition for (and or availability of) food. Thispredator pit hypothesis assumes that predator losses aredensity-dependent at low prey densities, but inverselydensity-dependent at high prey densities. Van Ballenberghe (1985)states that wolf population regulation is needed when a caribou herdpopulation declines and becomes trapped in a predator pit, whereinpredators are able to prevent caribou populations from increasing.The final model that attempts to describe the effects ofpredation on prey populations is the stable limit cycle hypothesis.This hypothesis proposes that vulnerability of prey to predationdepends on past environmental conditions. According to this theory,individuals of a prey population born under unfavorable conditions aremore vulnerable to predation throughout their adult lives than thoseborn under favorable conditions. This model would produce time lagsbetween the proliferation of the predator and the prey populations, ineffect generating recurring cycles. Boutin (1992) states that if thishypothesis is correct, the effects of food availability (or the lackof) should be more subtle than outright starvation. Relatively severewinters could have long- term effects by altering growth, production,and vulnerability. Thompson and Peterson (1988) reported that thereare no documented cases of wolf preda tion imposing a long-term limiton ungulate populations independent of environmental influences. Theyalso point out that summer moose calf mortality was high whetherpredators were present or not, and that snow conditions during thewinter affected the vulnerability of calves to predation. Messier(1994) asserts that snow accumulation during consecutive winters doesnot create a cumulative impact on the nutritional status of deer andmoose.All of the four proposed theories mentioned above could describethe interrelationships between the predation of wolves and their usualnorth american prey of large ungulate species. There has been ampleevidence presented in the primary research literature to support anyone of the four potential models. The predation limiting hypothesisseems to enjoy wide popular support, and seems to most accuratelydescribe most of the trends observed in predator-prey populations.Most researchers seem to think that more specific studies need to beconducted to find an ide al model of the effects of predation. Bergerudand Ballard (1988) stated "A simple numbers argument regardingprey:predator ratios overlooks the complexities in multi-predator-preysystems that can involve surplus killing, additive predation betweenpredators, enhancement and interference between predator species,switch over between prey species, and a three-fold variation in foodconsumption rates by wolves." Dale et al. (1994) stated that furtherknowledge of the factors affecting prey switching, such asdensity-dependent changes in vulnerability within and between preyspecies, and further knowledge of wolf population response is neededto draw any firm conclusions. Boutin (1992) also proposed that thefull impact of predation has seldom been measured because researchershave concentrated on measuring losses of prey to wolves only.Recently, bear predation on moose calves has been found to besubstantial, but there are few studies which examine this phenomenon(Boutin 1992). Messier (1994) als o pointed out that grizzly and blackbears may be important predators of moose calves during the summer.Seip (1992), too, states that bear predation was a significant causeof adult caribou mortality. These points emphasize thatmultiple-predator and multiple-prey systems are probably at work inthe natural environment, and we must not over generalize a onepredator - one prey hypothesis in the attempt to interpret the overalltrends of the effects of predation of wolves on large ungulatepopulations.Literature CitedBergerud, A. T., W. Wyett, and B. Snider. 1983. The role of wolfpredation in limiting a moose population. Journal ofWildlife Management. 47(4): 977-988.Bergerud, A. T., and W. B. Ballard. 1988. Wolf predation on caribou:the Nelchina herd case history, a different interpretation. Journal ofWildlife Management. 52(2): 344- 357.Boutin, S.. 1992. Predation and moose population dynamics: a critique.Journal of Wildlife Management. 56(1): 116-127.Dale, B. W., L. G. Adams, and R. T. Bo wyer. 1994. Functional responseof wolves preying on barren-ground caribou in a multiple preyecosystem. Journal of Animal Ecology. 63: 644- 652.Gasaway, W. C., R. O. Stephenson, J. L. Davis, P. E. K. Shepherd, andO. E. Burris. 1983. Interrelationships of wolves, prey, and man ininterior Alaska. Wildlife Monographs. 84: 1- 50.Messier, F.. 1985. Social organization, spatial distribution, andpopulation density of wolves in relation to moose density. CanadianJournal of Zoology. 63: 1068-1077.Messier, F.. 1994. Ungulate population models with predation: a casestudy with the North American moose. Ecology. 75(2): 478-488.Seip, D.. 1992. Factors limiting woodland caribou populations and irinterrelationships with wolves and moose in southeastern BritishColombia. Canadian Journal of Zoology. 70: 1494-1503.Thompson, I. D., and R. O. Peterson. 1988. Does wolf predation alonelimit the moose population in Pukaskwa Park?: a comment. Journal ofWildlife Management. 52(3): 556-559.Van Ballenberghe, V. . 1985. Wolf predation on caribou: the Nelchinaherd case history. Journal of Wildlife Management. 49(3): 711-720.

Wednesday, February 19, 2020

How can a BMW franchise create Customer Engagement through Social Research Paper

How can a BMW franchise create Customer Engagement through Social Media - Research Paper Example According to the research findings the reasons behind the utilisation of the social media sites depend upon multifarious factors. Its utilisation may depend upon components such as company profile, products and customers that the company is serving. Social media websites can be considered as a good way through which the dependability as well as the goodwill of a company can be enhanced. People make use of social media sites for certain reasons such as for the purpose of interacting, collaborating, looking for counsel from the experts, disseminating of the multimedia, looking for opinions, contributing reviews as well as entertainment. Most of the people argue the fact that social media tends to bring a new sense of community by permitting them to connect with those who are similar to themselves i.e. like-minded people and people with similar tastes and preferences. A number of people are making use of the social media while initiating purchase decisions. The figure below demonstrates the use of social media by BMW and others and the benefits obtained by it in order to gain higher return on investment. The figure makes it apparent that BMW scores high in terms of revenues earned by making use of the social media. It is a well known fact that the new media environment is featured by interactivity and multi-dimensional communication flows. With the pace of time, the marketing functions have also started incorporating social media in its campaigns. (Yamamichi, 2011). The increased utilisation of social networking sites such as Facebook as well as Twitter in order to market the products as well as the services is gaining huge attention in the recent times. The companies make use of the social media sites as one of the significant communication channels so that they can gain feedback of the consumers. It has been recognised that on-line communities are considered as a vital component of social media since they offer the companies with cross-selling opportunities to v arious user groups sharing the similar platform (Donath, 2004). Social media can offer BMW with immediate feedbacks and present the company with quick indications regarding what is required in order to resolve pertinent issues. In the present times, the companies make use of the social media so that they can improve their marketing schemes. The purpose of social media must be to improve branding of the business of BMW and to increase the popularity of the product. It can be mentioned that the social media must also be utilised for the purpose of tracking the presence of the business online in order to ensure that the clients are not deteriorating the value of the brand (Zwart, Lindsay, Henderson, & Phillips, 2011). Certain authors have stated the fact that one of the main benefits of social media is to identify precisely regarding what the customers are thinking. Businesses also make use of the social media sites in order to increase the sales of the products and the services and in turn to increase the market share (Ali, 2011). Social media makes it easier for the companies to create relationships, position the brand properly and share exciting experiences and information with their customers (National Association of Insurance Commissioners, 2011). Web Users Frequency It has been found that the rate of internet penetration in Europe in the year 2011 had been 61.3% while the world average was 32.7%. Internet penetration in rest of the world has been 28.9%. The figure presented below helps

Tuesday, February 4, 2020

Benjamin Franklin Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Benjamin Franklin - Research Paper Example Life in Philadelphia was focused mainly on applying his expertise as a printer. It is here where he married Deborah Read in 1730 at the age of 24. The entrepreneurial skills of the spouses were enhanced through diverse businesses ranging from retail selling, bookstore, printing and contributing literary works in the Pennsylvania Gazette (US History, par. 14). One of the most famous works he published as Richard Saunders is the â€Å"Poor Richard’s Almanac† where â€Å"years later the most striking of these sayings were collected and published in a book† (Bellis, 3). In 1749, Benjamin’s scientific pursuits were highlighted as he invented diverse gadgets, to wit: the Franklin stove, â€Å"swim fins, the glass harmonica (a musical instrument) and bifocals† (US History, par. 21). He was more famously known for having conducted various experiments leading to the discovery of electricity (Bellis, 2011). In another field of endeavor, Benjamin ventured into the political arena in the 1750s. He had vast accomplishments in Philadelphia, of which the following are noteworthy: â€Å"first circulating library in Philadelphia, an academy which grew into the University of Pennsylvania., the foundation of a hospital† among others (Bellis, 5). He was likewise civic minded and envisioned to provide a more beneficial society through â€Å"the paving and cleaning of the streets, better street lighting, the organization of a police force and of a fire company† (Bellis, 5). The Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) revealed that more than being a man of diverse interests, Benjamin Franklin was considered a citizen of the world for having â€Å"negotiated treaties with Great Britain, France, Germany, Sweden, and Spain and helped secure Americas place in the world. As a respected scientist and scholar, he was granted honorary degrees in England, Scotland, and America. And as an Enlightenment thinker, he exchanged letters

Monday, January 27, 2020

The Hypocrisy Of The Civilized Society English Literature Essay

The Hypocrisy Of The Civilized Society English Literature Essay In the relatively short time of the existence of the United States, society has allowed the written word to seep into our everyday existence. What has been written forms our everyday lives; our country, democracy, freedom, laws, religions, news, stories, and our history that is passed on through generations. Much of the written word has found its way to be presented in rather elegant form, but not always so in subject matter. Throughout the history of America, the views of civility and civilized society have changed through times of progress, conflict and peace. Perception of ideals has shifted, political correctness has emerged, and cultural rules have changed. The literature of America reflects the hypocrisy of civilized society and uncovers truths that need to be told and that want to be heard. Annotated Bibliography of The Selling of Joseph, by Samuel Sewall Amacher, Richard E. Samuel Sewall. American Colonial Writers, 1606-1734. Ed. Emory Elliott. Detroit: Gale Research, 1984. Dictionary of Literary Biography Vol. 24. Literature Resource Center. Web. 6 Mar. 2011. When delving into the some of the early American Literature, one does not expect to find much available in defense of the African American race, and the common mistreatment endured by the people of a certain birthright or skin color. The Selling of Joseph, written in 1700, by Samuel Sewell, is one such surprising piece. Richard E. Amacher, in his Biographical Essay on Samuel Sewall, contrasts The Selling of Joseph, with work that focused on taming African Americans and rationalized their slavery, sale and mistreatment. In as much as the Puritans used the bible and the Word of their God to rationalize societys treatment of African Americans as slaves, Sewall uses the bible and quotes it directly to show that their God certainly does not agree with the mistreatment of any human. Sewell argues that in the common mans belief of Adam and Eve, that all men were heirs of the couple who fell from grace with temptation and gained their liberty, for better or worse. All heirs were entitled as equals to Adam and Eve. The gift of liberty was violated by the sale of Joseph by his brothers. (Amacher 13) Gods word in Exodus 21:16 supported this argument; This Law being of Everlasting Equity, wherein Man Stealing is ranked amongst the most atrocious of Capital Crimes. (Amacher 13) (Sewell 2) Richard E. Amachers comparison of Samuel Sewells The Selling of Joseph with other work of the same time period confirms that not all people of society agreed with the ownership of people or their employ or indenture as servants or slaves. A cultural rule of the 1700s was wide acceptance of slavery. Sewall looked at the Humanitarian aspect, and how society should treat all people. His attempt to influence society to change this pattern would not be realized for a great many years, yet his literary contributions show that not all bought into this ideal. Amacher emphasizes that: Sewalls [work] concentrated on human liberty as such, although he, too, good Calvinist that he was, buttressed his mainly humanitarian interests with many scriptural quotations. (Amacher 13) Theologically, the people of a society owe liberty to all descendants of Adam and Eve, as equals. Each side of the argument of slave ownership is supported by the same book, and end in different interpretations; each claiming to be correct based on their texts. Annotated Bibliography of The Gettysburg Address, by Abraham Lincoln Lodge, Henry Cabot. The Democracy of Abraham Lincoln The Democracy of the Constitution and Other Addresses and Essays. Charles Scribners Sons, 1915. 122-159. Rpt. In Nineteenth- Century Literature Criticism. Ed. Janet Mullane. Vol. 18. Detroit: Gale Research, 1988. Literature Resource Center. Web. 7, Mar. 2011. Henry Lodge Cabot speaks of the true meaning behind the words of Lincolns Gettysburg Address, in his essay titled the Democracy of Abraham Lincoln. Cabot explains his opinion about Lincolns idea concerning the government of the people. It is a government made up the citizens (the people) and its purpose is for governing of the people. The constitution is shown to be a continual pillar in our country. The document has basically been the same since the foundation of our nation. There have been some changes to the Constitution, such as three war time amendments, and the establishment of the income tax. The paper continues to state that Lincoln stated his opinion so clearly that there was no escape from its meaning. The Democracy of Abraham Lincoln is a good source about Lincolns Gettysburg Address as Cabot seems to fully grasp Lincolns meaning behind this famous speech. The information stated seems to show Lincolns belief that he could just deliver a basic message and with his words were fully understood. It is an example of a man who took his beliefs that the government should be for all the people. On review of this authors work I can definitely agree with his statement as follows; In his usual fashion he stated his proposition so clearly and with such finality that there is no escape from his meaning. This actually shows the fact that Lincoln simply told it how it was, with no fluff or exaggeration. The true meaning behind The Democracy of Abraham Lincoln supports the statement that as time change, the literature of that time changes to reflect the views of society. This address was a major turning point in civilized society. For the United States, the address was to be a benefit to the entire nation. The point of the address was to show that it is for all people but our society did and continues to show hypocrisy. It was not the original intent of our government but has shown to be a real issue in the world. Cabot explained Lincolns reasoning behind this speech but the overall result is not truly carried out in our country. Annotated Bibliography of Self Reliance by Ralph Waldo Emerson Grimm, Reverend David E. Introducing Unitarian Universalism. Interfaith Conference. Washburn University. Yager Stadium, Topeka, Kansas. October, 11, 2003. Web. 3 March 2011. Reverend David E. Grimm is a Unitarian Universalist minister, as was Emerson. The Unitarian Universalists have held Ralph Waldo Emerson in high regard for a great many years. Some of their principals come directly from the work of Emerson, and others were influenced by it. One of their principals is the free and responsible search for truth and meaning. Reverend Grimm gave a speech on Unitarian Universalism, where he introduced the Religion at an interfaith conference. In this speech, he gave a brief overview of Emerson, and stated that the desirable state of affairs where one could actually read the moral law directly for oneself was called self-reliance by a young Unitarian minister named Ralph Waldo Emerson. Grimm interprets the Essay by Emerson to mean that one should learn to trust the power within yourself to discern the higher law, to know whats right. This idea that a person could discern right from wrong without the guidance of the bible was not necessarily a new idea, but was not put out in the open so eloquently until Emerson wrote Self Reliance. Emerson was a Unitarian minister, but he left the church to pursue a career of writing. His writing still reflected his Unitarian beliefs, and in todays time, they are not only Unitarian, but more Unitarian Universalist, which only came to be after a merging of the two religions. The implications from the insight of Emerson brought an understanding of moral norms to Unitarianism. Grim States: After all, in the light of self-reliance, the Bible was seen for what it was: second-hand religion, a religion handed down from the past to us, from somebody elses original reading of the moral law long ago. (Grimm 15) Grim concludes that Self reliance unseated the hold of not only the Bible, but the sacred texts of other religions as well. All were someone elses interpretation of the moral law. It was the act of the interpretation that Emerson explained that a person could do for themselves. Grimm claims that Self Reliance put a truth out for people to consider: And so, over time, not just the Bible, but sacred texts from all of the worlds religions, came to be honored among us [Unitarian Universalists] as expressions of this universal human attempt to know what is right, and to do it. (Grimm 15) Emerson said Whoso would be a man, must be a non-conformist. (Emerson 7) meaning not to revolt against the system of man, but to question it, and gain knowledge that it holds. To accept answers on the basis of anothers opinion was trust not placed well. The major religions relied on their bible to relay right and wrong. Emerson attempts to tell the people that they already know right from wrong, and they only need to pull these morals from within. The work of Self Reliance coincides with the literary periods of Romanticism and of the Transcendentalists. This was a time of discovery and appreciation for nature. It was an enlightenment of the people, yet a grim realization by Emerson that dependence on societys demands and behaving correctly was becoming a major part of the human existence. Emerson says that men are overly concerned with reputations and the opinion of others so much so that they can no longer be genuine, and instead become hypocritical and cynical. Emerson further states that Society Never Advances. (Emerson 45) For every advancement, something is taken away. Emerson details this in a large selection: The civilized man has built a coach, but has lost the use of his feet. He is supported on crutches, but lacks so much support of the muscle. He has got a fine Geneva watch, but he has lost the skill to tell the hour by the sun. A Greenwich nautical almanac he has, and so being sure of the information when he wants it, the man in the street does not know a star in the sky. The solstice he does not observe; the equinox he knows as little; and the whole bright calendar of the year is without a dial in his mind. His notebooks impair his memory; his libraries overload his wit; the insurance-office increases the number of accidents; and it may be a question whether machinery does not encumber; whether we have not lost by refinement some energy, by a Christianity entrenched in establishments and forms some vigor of wild virtue. For every stoic was a stoic; but in Christendom where is the Christian? (Emerson 46) These statements prove that throughout history, the views of civility have changed, and that the perception of such has changed with political correctness thus changing cultural rules. Emersons Self Reliance shows that civilized society is indeed flawed, and is inherently tainted with hypocrisy. Annotated Bibliography of The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain Grant, William E. Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Masterplots, Fourth Edition (2010): 1-4. Literary Reference Center. EBSCO. Web. 10 Mar. 2011. Mark Twain gave the world The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn in 1876. It was a sequel to The Adventures of Tom Sawyer. Twain opens this novel by explaining to the reader that he is being true to the characters of the book by keeping their regional dialects. According to William E. Grant, in his criticism titled Adventures of Huckleberry Finn published in Masterplots, states: The skill with which Twain elevates the dialect of an illiterate village boy to the highest levels of poetry established the spoken American idiom as a literary language and earned for Twain the reputation, proclaimed for him by Ernest Hemingway, William Faulkner, and many others, as the father of the modern American novel. (Grant 13) Aside from the dialect of the characters, Twain manages to bring forth an uncanny goodness in most of the characters. Twain successfully depicts the world the characters live in as volatile and ever changing. Every character is in some sort of conflict. Themes of the novel are: Society in itself is hypocritical, Freedom, Slavery, Search for a Father Figure, the common man versus the world (or society) and the brotherhood of man. According to Grant, Twain believed human beings to be innately good though increasingly corrupted by social influences that replace their intuitive sense of right and wrong. (Grant 14) The character of Huck battles with his conscience many times in trying to decide what would be the right thing to do. He fakes his death in order to save himself, yet, feels it could be the reason his father died. Huck struggles with Jims status as a slave and if he should turn him in or not. Huck eventually decides to go to Hell and maintain his decision to break what is considered morally and legally wrong, and not turn Jim in; in fact, he protects Jim at every turn. Edwards feels that Twain compellingly establishes the irony that Hucks sin against the social establishment affirms the best that is possible in the individual. Within the novel, references are made to code of Honor with the Shepherdson boys, who live under the law of vendetta against the Grangerfords. There are also numerous references to civilize. The Widow Douglass attempts to Civilize Huck, making him wear fancies on Sundays and act proper and sit up straight. She wanted to teach him religion, yet she ironically holds slaves. She seemingly does not hold herself to what even she feels is not wholly right; she will not have her slaves sold to anyone else because she cares for them very well and she would not have them sent to someone who would treat them as good as she. Grant is of the opinion that slavery provides Twain his largest metaphor for both social bondage and institutionalized injustice and inhumanity. He further feels that the novel is not an anti-slavery novel per say, but rather than attacking an institution already legally dead, Twain uses the idea of slavery as a metaphor for all social bondage and injustice. (Grant 15) The novel was published nearly thirteen years after the end of the civil war, yet opinions and perceptions on race were not yet settled. Both Huck and Jim were literally and in perceptual slavery to the Widow Douglass. They both flee to begin a new life in a slave free state, yet cast off headed south on the Mississippi. Grant offered insight to the direction of the raft as It is almost irrelevant that Twain has Huck and Jim running deeper into the South rather than north toward free soil. Freedom exists neither in the North nor in the South but in the ideal and idyllic world of the raft and river. (Grant 15) The raft and the River both play catalyst to the heart of the relationship of Huck and Jim. The two see themselves fleeing the same situations, in their minds. Both take risks for one another, and there are consequences of being caught for both Huck and Jim. Huck is perceived as an abolitionist, punishable by death. Jim is seen as the murderer of Huck, punishable by death. While each has their life on the line for the other, they sincerely protect each another, almost as father and son. They make stops along the river for supplies and rest, each stop bringing an adventure that sends them fleeing once again for the sanctuary of their raft. Grant considers It is onshore that Huck encounters the worst excesses of which the damned human race is capable, but with each return to the raft comes a renewal of spiritual hope and idealism. Grant 16) William E. Grants essay enforces the idea of Hypocrisy in Civilized Society. The novel brings situations of Slavery, Civility, rules and wrongs that many people of the 19th century simply did not want to hear about, speak of, or deal with. They would have to turn the mirror inward and have a good look at themselves, because most people simply followed the cultural rules, and did not speak out even if they thought something was wrong. Grant ends his essay of criticism of the Adventures of Huckleberry Finn with a most well written statement: Through the adventures of an escaped slave and a runaway boy, both representatives of the ignorant and lowly of the earth, Twain affirms that true humanity is found in humans rather than institutions. (Grant 14) While this novel continually takes a beating for its content, the underlying moral truths that are exposed can still be applied to current times, with only a slight twist. It is literature such as The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn that should remain as originally written, unedited, in order to maintain the integrity with which it was intended. Annotated Bibliography of The Road Not Taken by Robert Frost Grimes, Linda Sue. Robert Frosts Tricky Poem. Analysis of The Road Not Taken. Suite101.com Media Inc., 14 Apr. 2008. Web. 9 Mar. 2011. . The Road Not Taken was written by Robert Frost. This poem characterizes an assertion of individualism. In Robert Frosts Tricky Poem, an analysis by Linda Sue Grimes, she states that Frost claims this poem was about his friend Edward Thomas. They [Frost and Thomas] would periodically go on walks in the woods near London. While they would be enjoying their walk they would come across two different roads to take. After choosing one road, rumor has it; Thomas would always wonder what was down the other road. According to Grimes in Robert Frosts Tricky Poem, the first stanza is describing the situation, which was the dilemma of choosing one road over the other. The second stanza describes the road he decides to take. Because it was grassy and wanted wear he takes the road that is less traveled on, even though he stated that they were and were not exactly the same. The third stanza continuities to describe the roads, he notices the difference between the two. Such as the leaves were freshly fallen and both had not been walked on. Â  The forth stanza has tricky words, I shall be telling this with a sigh, the word this can be interpreted as a relief or regret in the decision of the road he takes. (Frost 16) Different interpretations can be identified after reading The Road Not Taken, such as views upon friendship or his future behind the road he has taken and his experiences because of his choice. In the beginning of the 20th century there was a strong focus on individuality and nature, as it offered an escape from focus of World War I. Various processes in industrialism were taking shape in the country and changing views of society. Frosts poetry served as a system check back to reality from the chaos of the times. As Grimes says: In this poem, it is important to be careful with the time frame. When the speaker says he will be reporting sometime in the future how his road choice turned out, he clearly states that he cannot assign meaning to sigh and difference yet, because he cannot know how his choice will affect his future, until after he has lived it. (Grimes 11) Annotated Bibliography of Resistance to Civil Government by Henry David Thoreau Yarborough, Wynn. Readings of Thoreaus Resistance to Civil Government. American Transcendentalism Web. Virginia Commonwealth University. 1995. Web. March 11, 2011. Wynn Yarboroughs paper, titled Readings of Thoreaus Resistance to Civil Government, is an overview of Thoreaus Resistance to Civil Government, which is sometimes simply called Civil Disobedience, is based on a variety of sources from the 1920s through the 1970s. In the early paragraphs, Mr. Yarborough goes through the stages of Thoreaus life and different ways in which his work was perceived through the years. The remainder of the paper consists primarily of variety of different opinions and how each of them plays a part in certain time periods. The overall view of the references used by Mr. Yarborough is that Thoreau was a man with a great ability to justify his beliefs. Each of the views expressed by him seems to be validated by others in the years to come. It is my belief that Mr. Yarborough was very informative with this paper. It was an overview complied from many sources over an extended period of time. Each of the critics shows a side of Thoreau and they use his beliefs to back up their choices. The government is reflected in different ways during each of the reviews that Mr. Yarborough states. I feel that each of the critics of Thoreau may believe that his ways were not justified and that perhaps he was not rational. Critics such as Vivas, Parrington and MacKayne all show a variety of beliefs which may be justified by critiquing Thoreau. One example in Mr. Yarboroughs research that speaks to the significance of Thoreaus writings is In the 1960s, Thoreau became not only relevant but almost a popular icon. The statement that as time changes the literature of that time changes to reflect the views of society is shown correct with this review and how Thoreaus work is used to further many causes. Each time period from the 1920s through the 1970s has shown that the government had ever changing values. While time continues to change literature, time changes to reflect the views of society. Hypocrisy will always be a part of the government as it was so many years ago and it continues today. It is not the intention of the people involved but it is how society seems to function as a whole. Annotated Bibliography of Smoke and Steel by Carl Sandburg Niven, Penelope. Carl (August) Sandburg. American Poets, 1880-1945: Third Series. Ed. Peter Quartermain. Detroit: Gale Research, 1987. Dictionary of Literary Biography Vol. 54. Literature Resource Center. Web. 14 Mar. 2011. Penelope Nivens Critical essay, titled Carl (August) Sandburg, offers a look at the life and work of Carl Sandberg, an American Poet. Niven opens with a brief biographical essay, highlighting that Sandburg came from humble beginnings as the child of immigrants from Sweden. His parents met after they arrived in the United States, in Illinois. They were in search of a share of American democracy and prosperity. (Niven 4) His father was a hard worker, being employed by the railroad yard as a blacksmith. Sandburg was born in 1878, and was raised speaking both English and Swedish. According to Niven, Carl Sandberg was eager to assimilate into American Culture and Society at a very early age. When he was in grade school, he changed his name from a Swedish sounding Carl to a more American Sounding Charles. (Niven 4) There were many children in the Sandburg household, and after the deaths of two of the children, in 1892, Charles was forced to leave school to help with the familys needed income. In 1897, Sandburg left his family, at the age of eighteen, and toured the United States on the rails as a hobo. He gained knowledge of different areas, and worked odd jobs with the local working class people to get a small bit of money that helped him from one place to another. His desire to travel was immense, and he eventually volunteered for service in the Spanish American War in 1898. (Niven 6) His status as a veteran allowed him to attend college at no cost. He did attend, but did not excel, and eventually left. Sandburg was more interested with people and the landscape than he was with proper schooling. Sandberg began to write about the American people being candid and rugged, speaking in individual free-verse style which spoke clearly, directly, and often crudely to the audience which was also his subject. (Niven 10) He became an investigative reporter for the Chicago Daily News; he further developed passionate social concerns. Nivens states: He covered war, racial strife, lynchings, mob violence, and the inequities of the industrial society, such as child labor, and disease and injury induced in the workplace. These concerns were transmuted into poetry. Sandberg published several books of poetry, the first being Chicago Poems, that gave realistic views from the working class, children, and the inexplicable fate of the vulnerable and struggling human victims of war, progress, business. The following volume of poetry was titled Smoke and Steel (1920), which focused on the harsh reality of the times. The volume vividly depicts the daily toil of the working man and woman, the people who must sing or die.' Within the volume, a poem also titled Smoke and Steel, Sandburg uses Smoke from steel mills, spring fields, and autumn leaves as metaphors for the blood of a man. He considers them a life force, but also that which gives the people commonality. The poem details the struggle of the common man. Nivens finds that the Volume as a collection is uneven and concludes with contradictory critical views. She further states that other critics have labeled Sandburg as having no sense of the past or vision of the future. Some critics, however, did find that this son of Swedish immigrants was particularly suited to write about the incomplete, but urgent and hopeful American democracy and that Sandberg allows others to see our national life in the largeits beauty and glory, its baseness and shame. This article by Penelope Nivens offers a great look at the life and times of Carl Sandberg, and does relate his work, as a whole, to spotlighting the hypocrisy of American Society, within the time period that it is written, the 1920s, in the height of the Industrial Revolution. Within the poem, Smoke and Steel, the focus is on the lifeblood of all the people and what the people must do and conform to in order to make society work, and work for each of them. Even those who wish to escape the hypocrisy of civilized society and do something else will eventually return because of the jobs provided by industry. The anthem learned by the steel is: Do this or go hungry. (Sandburg 104, 105) Nivens concludes Yet as the spokesman for the great human family, Carl Sandburg, biographer, historian, troubadour, and poet, speaks to any period, any place. Annotated Bibliography of Smoke and Steel by Carl Sandburg Yannella, Philip. The Other Carl Sandburg. Univ. Press of Mississippi, 1996. Google Books. Web. 14 Mar. 2011. http://books.google.com/books?id=9T9h_xAdxGwCprintsec=frontcover#v=onepage qf=false Phillip Yannella has written immense material analyzing the poetry and works of Carl Sandburg, a poet of the early 20th century. In his book titled, The Other Carl Sandburg, Yanella looks at several of the books that Sandburg wrote, and attempts to shed light onto each volume, and give a bit of a representation to some of the more important individual poems contained within the volumes. The volume, Smoke and Steel, comprised many poems, and was the second book for Carl Sandburg. The first book reflected positively on the working class, and its eventual happiness to be active and productive. The second book, Smoke and Steel, has no heroic working class about to rise up to take its just due, no models of proper working class behavior, no noble immigrant workers, no happy autonomous humanistic workers, workers who danced and sang in spite of their lowness. (Yannella 144) Instead, with Smoke and Steel, Sandburg portrayed the worker as an angry and violent soul, and who harbored hostility against society. The worker was invisible. The time when the work was written, the 1920s, is important because the Race Riots had just happened, and there was a steel dispute that caused workers to decline in numbers, the union to strike, and allowed technology to take many a workers job. The poem titled Smoke and Steel is the longest in the volume of the same name. It contains some of the most intense, suggestive language he ever wrote. (Yanella 145) Sandburg metaphorically compares the smoke to the blood of man. He says that there is smoke in the mills, in the fields, in the burning leaves, and this smoke is from the work done by the common man. This man puts so much of himself into the task that the smoke becomes his blood and without it he cannot sustain, as the work cannot sustain without the worker. Smoke into blood, and blood into steel. They make the steel with men. The work of Sandburg and the Analysis by Phillip Yannella prove the thesis that society is hypocritical in itself, by requiring things to be made through industry to support it, yet it is the man who works in industry, and in doing so, suffers. The poem, Smoke and Steel, has powerful language that exposes the fact that steel is part of our everyday life, and it creeps into the everyday existence of every person. What is of the person and family who worked so hard and sometimes gave their life to give these often meaningless things to society? Sandburg states Smoke and blood is the mix of steel connecting the product with what has gone into making it. (Sandburg 45) He continues, as if every other person in the country is named Steve. Steve and the rest of us end on the same stars; we all wear a hat in hell together, in hell or heaven. (Sandburg 71) Sandburg touches on the environmental aspect as the byproduct of the steel that is made, slag, is washed out by fire and wind, and states Forever the slag gets washed in fire and wind because slag will contaminate wherever it lies forever. Sandberg shows that in our time or progress, we find need for steel and other industry, for our planes, our warships, and our rails. Sandburg humanizes the workers as brothers, and extends their reach as smoke from all industry to reach every American. Annotated Bibliography of I have a Dream by Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Dlugan, Andrew. Speech Analysis: I Have a Dream Martin Luther King Jr. Six Minutes. Six Minutes, Jan. 2009. Web. 14 Mar. 2011. . On August 28, 1963 the anniversary of Dr. Martin Luther Kings I Have a Dream speech, is called Dream Day. Andrew Dlugan, in his speech analysis, states I Have A Dream is one of the most memorable speeches of all time. (Dlugan). That title represents an uplifting illusion to all who had the honor of listening to the speech, at least once in their lifetime. According to Dlugan, There are many uses of literally terms in the topics of Kings speech, such as rhetorical methods, including repetition, metaphors, inspiration, identification and persuasion. Dlugan points out that I Have A Dream is repeated eight times. This is an example of anaphora in modern rhetoric. The repetition of words is common within the speech. Freedom is repeated 20 times, mainly because freedom is the primary theme. The words, we, 30 times, our, seventeen times and dream, eleven times. In paragraph two of Kings speech, Five score years ago refers to Lincolns famous Gettysburg Address speech which began Four score and seven years ago This allusion is particularly poignant given that King was speaking in front of the Lincoln Memorial (Dlugan). Geographic reference was mention throughout the speech, Mississippi and New York (paragraph 13), Georgia (paragraph 19) and Alabama (paragraph 22). Lastly, metaphors are highlighting the contrast between two abstract concepts. Joyous daybreak to end the long night captivity (Paragraph 2). The Negro lives on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity (Paragraph 3). This speech and analysis of it prove the thesis by showing that the people do not stand on the moral ground that they think that they do. Society has been living without seeing that other people, who share the same lands as they, are not affo